QUESTION: 181

John works as a professional Ethical Hacker. He has been assigned the project of testing the security of www.we-are-secure.com. He is using a tool to crack the wireless encryption keys. The description of the tool is as follows:

„It is a Linux-based WLAN WEP cracking tool that recovers encryption keys. It operates by passively monitoring transmissions. It uses Ciphertext Only Attack and captures approximately 5 to 10 million packets to decrypt the WEP keys.“

Which of the following tools is John using to crack the wireless encryption keys?

Cain
PsPasswd
Kismet
AirSnort

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

AirSnort is a Linux-based WLAN WEP cracking tool that recovers encryption keys. AirSnort operates by passively monitoring transmissions. It uses Ciphertext Only Attack and captures approximately 5 to 10 million packets to decrypt the WEP keys.
Answer option C is incorrect. Kismet is a Linux-based 802.11 wireless network sniffer and intrusion detection system. It can work with any wireless card that supports raw monitoring (rfmon) mode. Kismet can sniff 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, and 802.11n traffic. Kismet can be used for the following tasks:
To identify networks by passively collecting packets To detect standard named networks
To detect masked networks
To collect the presence of non-beaconing networks via data traffic Answer option A is incorrect. Cain is a multipurpose tool that can be used to perform many tasks such as Windows password cracking, Windows enumeration, and VoIP session sniffing. This password cracking program can perform the following types of password cracking attacks:
Dictionary attack Brute force attack Rainbow attack Hybrid attack
Answer option B is incorrect. PsPasswd is a tool that helps Network Administrators change an account password on the local or remote
system. The command syntax of PsPasswd is as follows:
pspasswd [\\computer[,computer[,..] | @file [-u user [-p psswd]] Username [NewPassword]

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QUESTION: 182

Which of the following statements are true about volatile memory? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.

The content is stored permanently and even the power supply is switched off.
A volatile storage device is faster in reading and writing data.
Read only memory (ROM) is an example of volatile memory.
It is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information.

Answer(s): B,D

Explanation:

Volatile memory, also known as volatile storage, is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information, unlike non-volatile memory which does not require a maintained power supply. It has been less popularly known as temporary memory. Most forms of modern random access memory (RAM) are volatile storage, including dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and static random access memory (SRAM). A volatile storage device is faster in reading and writing data.
Answer options A and C are incorrect. Non-volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, NVM, or non-volatile storage, in the most basic sense, is computer memory that can retain the stored information even when not powered.
Examples of non-volatile memory include read-only memory, flash memory, most types of magnetic computer storage devices (e.g. hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape), optical discs, and early computer storage methods such as paper tape and punched cards.

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QUESTION: 183

You are a professional Computer Hacking forensic investigator. You have been called to collect evidences of buffer overflow and cookie snooping attacks. Which of the following logs will you review to accomplish the task? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.

Program logs
Web server logs
Event logs
System logs

Answer(s): A,C,D

Explanation:

Evidences of buffer overflow and cookie snooping attacks can be traced from system logs, event logs, and program logs, depending on the type of overflow or cookie snooping attack executed and the error recovery method used by the hacker.
Answer option B is incorrect. Web server logs are used to investigate cross-site scripting attacks.

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QUESTION: 184

John works as an Ethical Hacker for www.company.com Inc. He wants to find out the ports that are open in www.company.com's server using a port scanner. However, he does not want to establish a full TCP connection. Which of the following scanning techniques will he use to accomplish this task?

TCP SYN
Xmas tree
TCP SYN/ACK
TCP FIN

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

According to the scenario, John does not want to establish a full TCP connection. Therefore, he will use the TCP SYN scanning technique. TCP SYN scanning is also known as half-open scanning because in this type of scanning, a full TCP connection is never opened. The steps of TCP SYN scanning are as follows:
1. The attacker sends a SYN packet to the target port.
2. If the port is open, the attacker receives the SYN/ACK message. 3.Now the attacker breaks the connection by sending an RST packet. 4.If the RST packet is received, it indicates that the port is closed.
This type of scanning is hard to trace because the attacker never establishes a full 3-way handshake connection and most sites do not create a log of incomplete TCP connections.
Answer option C is incorrect. In TCP SYN/ACK scanning, an attacker sends a SYN/ACK packet to the target port. If the port is closed, the victim assumes that this packet was mistakenly sent by the attacker, and sends the RST packet to the attacker. If the port is open, the SYN/ACK packet will be ignored and the port will drop the packet. TCP SYN/ACK scanning is stealth scanning, but some intrusion detection systems can detect TCP SYN/ACK scanning.
Answer option D is incorrect. TCP FIN scanning is a type of stealth scanning through which the attacker sends a FIN packet to the target port.
If the port is closed, the victim assumes that this packet was sent mistakenly by the attacker and sends the RST packet to the attacker. If the port is open, the FIN packet will be ignored and the port will drop that packet. TCP FIN scanning is useful only for identifying ports of non-Windows operating systems because Windows operating systems send only RST packets irrespective of whether the port is open or closed.
Answer option B is incorrect. Xmas Tree scanning is just the opposite of null scanning. In Xmas Tree scanning, all packets are turned on. If the target port is open, the service running on the target port discards the packets without any reply. According to RFC 793, if the port is closed, the remote system replies with the RST packet. Active monitoring of all incoming packets can help system network administrators detect an Xmas Tree scan.

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