QUESTION: 29

Assume you work for an IT company that collects user behavior data from an e-commerce web application. This data includes the user interactions with the applications, such as purchases, searches, saved items, etc. Capture this data, transform it into zip files, and load these massive volumes of zip files received from an application into Amazon S3.
Which AWS service would you use to do this?

AWS Migration Hub
AWS Database Migration Service
AWS Kinesis Data Firehose
AWS Snowmobile

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

To handle the collection, transformation, and loading of user behavior data into Amazon S3, AWS Kinesis Data Firehose is the suitable service. Here's how it works:

1. Data Collection: Kinesis Data Firehose collects streaming data in real-time from various sources, including web applications that track user interactions.

2. Data Transformation: It can transform incoming streaming data using AWS Lambda, which can include converting data into zip files if necessary1.

3. Loading to Amazon S3: After transformation, Kinesis Data Firehose automatically loads the data into Amazon S3, handling massive volumes efficiently and reliably1.

4. Real-time Processing: The service allows for the real-time processing of data, which is essential for capturing dynamic user behavior data.

Reference:

AWS Kinesis Data Firehose is designed to capture, transform, and load streaming data into AWS data stores for near real-time analytics with existing business intelligence tools and dashboards1. It's a fully managed service that scales automatically to match the throughput of your data and requires no ongoing administration. It can also batch, compress, and encrypt the data before loading, reducing the amount of storage used at the destination and increasing security1.

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QUESTION: 30

Kevin Ryan has been working as a cloud security engineer over the past 2 years in a multinational company, which uses AWS-based cloud services. He launched an EC2 instance with Amazon Linux AMI. By disabling password-based remote logins, Kevin wants to eliminate all possible loopholes through which an attacker can exploit a user account remotely. To disable password-based remote logins, using the text editor, Kevin opened the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and found the #PermitRootLogin yes line.
Which of the following command lines should Kevin use to change the #PermitRootLogin yes line to disable password-based remote logins?

PermitRootLogin without-password
PermitRootLogin without./password/disable
PermitRootLogin without./password
PermitRootLogin without-password/disable

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

To disable password-based remote logins for the root account on an EC2 instance running Amazon Linux AMI, Kevin should modify the SSH configuration as follows:

1. Open SSH Configuration: Using a text editor, open the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.

2. Find PermitRootLogin Directive: Locate the line #PermitRootLogin yes. The # indicates that the line is commented out.

3. Modify the Directive: Change the line to PermitRootLogin without-password. This setting allows root login using authentication methods other than passwords, such as SSH keys, while disabling password-based root logins.

4. Save and Close: Save the changes to the sshd_config file and exit the text editor.

5. Restart SSH Service: To apply the changes, restart the SSH service by running sudo service sshd restart or sudo systemctl restart sshd, depending on the system's init system.

Reference:

The PermitRootLogin without-password directive in the SSH configuration file is used to enhance security by preventing password-based authentication for the root user, which is a common target for brute force attacks. Instead, it requires more secure methods like SSH key pairs for authentication. This change is part of best practices for securing SSH access to Linux servers.

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QUESTION: 31

Tom Holland works as a cloud security engineer in an IT company located in Lansing, Michigan. His organization has adopted cloud-based services wherein user access, application, and data security are the responsibilities of the organization, and the OS, hypervisor, physical, infrastructure, and network security are the responsibilities of the cloud service provider. Based on the aforementioned cloud security shared responsibilities, which of the following cloud computing service models is enforced in Tom's organization?

Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
On-Premises
Software-as-a-Service

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

In the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud computing service model, the cloud service provider is responsible for managing the infrastructure, which includes the operating system, hypervisor, physical infrastructure, and network security. At the same time, the customer is responsible for managing user access, applications, and data security.

1. Cloud Service Provider Responsibilities: In IaaS, the provider is responsible for the physical hardware, storage, and networking capabilities. They also ensure the virtualization layer or hypervisor is secure.

2. Customer Responsibilities: The customer, on the other hand, manages the operating system, middleware, runtime, applications, and data. This includes securing user access and application-level security measures.

3. Flexibility and Control: IaaS offers customers a high degree of flexibility and control over their environments, allowing them to install any required platforms or applications.

4. Examples of IaaS: Services such as Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine, and Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines are examples of IaaS offerings.

Reference:

The shared responsibility model is a fundamental principle in cloud computing that outlines the security obligations of the cloud service provider and the customer to ensure accountability and security in the cloud. In the IaaS model, while the cloud provider ensures the infrastructure is secure, the customer must secure the components they manage.

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QUESTION: 32

Elaine Grey has been working as a senior cloud security engineer in an IT company that develops software and applications related to the financial sector. Her organization would like to extend its storage capacity and automate disaster recovery workflows using a VMware private cloud.
Which of the following storage options can be used by Elaine in the VMware virtualization environment to connect a VM directly to a LUN and access it from SAN?

File Storage
Object Storage
Raw Storage
Ephemeral Storage

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

In a VMware virtualization environment, to connect a virtual machine (VM) directly to a Logical Unit Number (LUN) and access it from a Storage Area Network (SAN), the appropriate storage option is Raw Device Mapping (RDM), which is also referred to as Raw Storage.

1. Raw Device Mapping (RDM): RDM is a feature in VMware that allows a VM to directly access and manage a storage device. It provides a mechanism for a VM to have direct access to a LUN on the SAN1.

2. LUN Accessibility: By using RDM, Elaine can map a SAN LUN directly to a VM. This allows the VM to access the LUN at a lower level than the file system, which is necessary for certain data- intensive operations2.

3. Disaster Recovery Automation: RDM can be particularly useful in disaster recovery scenarios where direct access to the storage device is required for replication or other automation workflows1.

4. VMware Compatibility: RDM is compatible with VMware vSphere and is commonly used in environments where control over the storage is managed at the VM level1.

Reference:

Connecting a VM directly to a LUN using RDM is a common practice in VMware environments, especially when there is a need for storage operations that require more control than what is provided by file-level storage. It is a suitable option for organizations looking to extend their storage capacity and automate disaster recovery workflows12.

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QUESTION: 29

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QUESTION: 30

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QUESTION: 31

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QUESTION: 32

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