Which of the following is the BEST key performance indicator (KPI) for determining how well an IT policy is aligned to business requirements?
Answer(s): B
An IT policy is a document that defines the rules, standards, and procedures for the use, management, and security of IT resources within an organization. An IT policy should be aligned to the business requirements, which are the needs, expectations, and objectives of the business stakeholders, such as customers, employees, managers, partners, regulators, etc. An IT policy that is aligned to the business requirements can help support the business strategy, improve the business performance, and enhance the business value. A key performance indicator (KPI) is a metric that measures the achievement of a specific goal or objective. A KPI should be relevant, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. The best KPI for determining how well an IT policy is aligned to the business requirements is the number of exceptions to the policy. An exception to the policy is a deviation or violation of the policy rules, standards, or procedures, which may be intentional or unintentional, authorized or unauthorized, justified or unjustified. The number of exceptions to the policy can indicate how well the policy is understood, communicated, implemented, and enforced within the organization. The number of exceptions to the policy can also indicate how well the policy reflects the current and future business needs and expectations, and how flexible and adaptable the policy is to the changing business environment. A low number of exceptions to the policy can suggest that the policy is well aligned to the business requirements, while a high number of exceptions to the policy can suggest that the policy is misaligned or outdated, and may need to be reviewed or revised. References = Key Performance Indicator (KPI):Definition, Types, andExamples, Business KPIs: 5 important characteristics to be effective, What is a KPI? How To Choose the Best KPIs for Your Business - HubSpot Blog.
Which of the following provides the MOST useful information when determining if a specific control should be implemented?
A cost-benefit analysis is a tool that compares the costs and benefits of different alternatives, such as implementing or not implementing a specific control. A cost-benefit analysis provides the most useful information when determining if a specific control should be implemented, as it can show the potential savings, benefits, and risks of each option, and help the decision-makers choose the best course of action. A cost-benefit analysis can also include qualitative factors, such as security, compliance, performance, and customer satisfaction, that may be affected by thecontrol implementation. References = ISACA Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) Certification Exam Question and Answers, Question 256. CRISC: Certified in Risk & Information Systems Control Sample Questions, Question 256. Most Asked CRISC Exam Questions and Answers, Question 10. CRISC by Isaca Actual Free Exam Q&As, Question 9.
A vulnerability assessment of a vendor-supplied solution has revealed that the software is susceptible to cross-site scripting and SQL injection attacks. Which of the following will BEST mitigate this issue?
Answer(s): C
Cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL injection are two common types of web application attacks that can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and systems. XSS allows an attacker to inject malicious code into a web page that is viewed by other users, while SQL injection allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on a database server by manipulating the input parameters of a web application. Both attacks can result in data theft, unauthorized access, defacement, denial of service, and more. To mitigate these attacks, the best option is to require the software vendor to remediate the vulnerabilities by applying secure coding practices, such as input validation, output encoding, parameterized queries, and HTML sanitization. These techniques can prevent or limit the impact of XSS and SQL injection by ensuring that user input is not interpreted as code or commands by the web browser or the database server. The software vendor should also provide regular updates and patches to fix any known or newly discovered vulnerabilities. The other options are not effective or acceptable ways to mitigate these attacks. Monitoring the databases for abnormal activity can help detect and respond to SQL injection attacks, but it does not prevent them from happening or address the root cause of the vulnerability. Approving an exception to allow the software to continue operating can expose the organization to unnecessary risks and liabilities, as well as violate compliance requirements and standards. Accepting the risk and letting the vendor run the software as is can also have serious consequences for the organization, as it implies that the potential impact and likelihood of the attacks are low or acceptable, which may not be the case. References = IT Risk Resources | ISACACRISC Certification | Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control | ISACA Cross Site Scripting Prevention Cheat Sheet - OWASP A novel technique to prevent SQL injection and cross-site scripting attacks using Knuth- Morris-Pratt string match algorithm | EURASIP Journal on Information Security | Full Text Difference Between XSS and SQL Injection - GeeksforGeeks
Which of the following should be of MOST concern to a risk practitioner reviewing the system development life cycle (SDLC)?
Answer(s): D
Testing is completed by IT support users without input from end users should be of most concern to a risk practitioner reviewing the system development life cycle (SDLC). This is because testing without input from end users can result in poor quality, usability, and functionality of the system, as well as increased errors, defects, and rework. Testing without input from end users can also lead to user dissatisfaction, resistance, and non-compliance, as well as misalignment with the business requirements and objectives. According to the CRISC Review Manual 2022, one of the key risk identification techniques for IT projects is to involve the end users and other relevant parties in the testing process1. According to the CRISC Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2022, testing without input from end users is the correct answer to this question2. Testing in phases, overriding segregation of duties controls, and using data anonymization are not the most concerning issues for a risk practitioner reviewing the SDLC. These are possible practices or techniques that can be used in the testing process, but they do not necessarily pose significant risks or problems. Testing in phases can help ensure that the system meets the technical and functional specifications, as well as the user acceptance criteria, at each stage of the development. Overriding segregation of duties controls can be justified and authorized during the testing phases, as long as the controls are restored and verified before the system goes live. Using data anonymization can help protect the privacy and security of the data used in the testing process, as well as comply with the relevant regulations and standards.
The acceptance of control costs that exceed risk exposure MOST likely demonstrates:
The acceptance of control costs that exceed risk exposure most likely demonstrates corporate culture misalignment, as it indicates that the organization is not following the principles and values of effective risk management, and that there is a lack of communication and coordination among the risk owners and stakeholders. Corporate culture misalignment can also result in inefficient and wasteful use of resources, and reduced risk-return trade-off. The organization should align its corporate culture with its risk appetite and tolerance, and ensure that the control costs are proportional and justified by the risk exposure and the expected benefits. References = Most Asked CRISC Exam Questions and Answers. CRISC: Certified in Risk & Information Systems Control Sample Questions, Question 255. ISACA Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) Certification Exam Question and Answers, Question 255. CRISC by Isaca Actual Free Exam Q&As, Question 9.
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