QUESTION: 29 Topic: 1, Access Control

The Computer Security Policy Model the Orange Book is based on is which of the following?

Bell-LaPadula
Data Encryption Standard
Kerberos
Tempest

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The Computer Security Policy Model Orange Book is based is the Bell-LaPadula Model. Orange Book Glossary.
The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a cryptographic algorithm. National Information Security
Glossary.
TEMPEST is related to limiting the electromagnetic emanations from electronic equipment.

Reference:

U.S. Department of Defense, Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (Orange Book), DOD 5200.28-STD. December 1985 (also available here).

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QUESTION: 30 Topic: 1, Access Control

The end result of implementing the principle of least privilege means which of the following?

Users would get access to only the info for which they have a need to know
Users can access all systems.
Users get new privileges added when they change positions.
Authorization creep.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The principle of least privilege refers to allowing users to have only the access they need and not anything more. Thus, certain users may have no need to access any of the files on specific systems.
The following answers are incorrect:
Users can access all systems. Although the principle of least privilege limits what access and systems users have authorization to, not all users would have a need to know to access all of the systems. The best answer is still Users would get access to only the info for which they have a need to know as some of the users may not have a need to access a system.
Users get new privileges when they change positions. Although true that a user may indeed require new privileges, this is not a given fact and in actuality a user may require less privileges for a new position. The principle of least privilege would require that the rights required for the position be closely evaluated and where possible rights revoked.
Authorization creep. Authorization creep occurs when users are given additional rights with new positions and responsibilities. The principle of least privilege should actually prevent authorization creep.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
ISC2 OIG 2007 p.101,123
Shon Harris AIO v3 p148, 902-903

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QUESTION: 31 Topic: 1, Access Control

Which of the following is the most reliable authentication method for remote access?

Variable callback system
Synchronous token
Fixed callback system
Combination of callback and caller ID

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

A Synchronous token generates a one-time password that is only valid for a short period of time. Once the password is used it is no longer valid, and it expires if not entered in the acceptable time frame.
The following answers are incorrect:
Variable callback system. Although variable callback systems are more flexible than fixed callback systems, the system assumes the identity of the individual unless two-factor authentication is also implemented. By itself, this method might allow an attacker access as a trusted user.
Fixed callback system. Authentication provides assurance that someone or something is who or what he/it is supposed to be. Callback systems authenticate a person, but anyone can pretend to be that person. They are tied to a specific place and phone number, which can be spoofed by implementing call-forwarding.
Combination of callback and Caller ID. The caller ID and callback functionality provides greater confidence and auditability of the caller's identity. By disconnecting and calling back only authorized phone numbers, the system has a greater confidence in the location of the call. However, unless combined with strong authentication, any individual at the location could obtain access.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
Shon Harris AIO v3 p. 140, 548
ISC2 OIG 2007 p. 152-153, 126-127

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QUESTION: 32 Topic: 1, Access Control

Which of the following is the most reliable, secure means of removing data from magnetic storage media such as a magnetic tape, or a cassette?

Degaussing
Parity Bit Manipulation
Zeroization
Buffer overflow

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

A "Degausser (Otherwise known as a Bulk Eraser) has the main function of reducing to near zero the magnetic flux stored in the magnetized medium. Flux density is measured in Gauss or Tesla. The operation is speedier than overwriting and done in one short operation. This is achieved by subjecting the subject in bulk to a series of fields of alternating polarity and gradually decreasing strength.
The following answers are incorrect:Parity Bit Manipulation. Parity has to do with disk lerror detection, not data removal. A bit or series of bits appended to a character or block of characters to ensure that the information received is the same as the infromation that was sent.
Zeroization. Zeroization involves overwrting data to sanitize it. It is time-consuming and not foolproof. The potential of restoration of data does exist with this method. Buffer overflow. This is a detractor. Although many Operating Systems use a disk buffer to temporarily hold data read from disk, its primary purpose has no connection to data removal. An overflow goes outside the constraints defined for the buffer and is a method used by an attacker to attempt access to a system.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
Shon Harris AIO v3. pg 908

Reference:

What is degaussing.

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