An unconscious patient in hepatic failure secondary to alcoholism becomes acutely hypoglycemic. Glucagon administration is contraindicated for this patient because glucagon
Answer(s): C
Glucagon is a hormone that stimulates the liver to release glucose from glycogen stores or from gluconeogenesis. However, when the hepatocytes are damaged by alcoholism or other causes of hepatic failure, glucagon is ineffective because the liver cannot respond to its signal. Glucagon administration is contraindicated for hypoglycemic patients with hepatic failure because it will not raise their blood glucose levels and may worsen their acidosis and electrolyte imbalance123
Hypoglycemia in Patients With Hepatic Failure - PubMedGlucagon - WikipediaFrontiers | Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Lipid Metabolism
An older adult patient is admitted with acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure. An echocardiogram indicates that EF is unchanged at 50%. The patient is most likely experiencing
Answer(s): B
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of heart failure that occurs when the heart muscle is stiff and does not relax well, causing high pressure in the heart and lungs. HFpEF is diagnosed when the patient has symptoms and signs of heart failure and a normal or high ejection fraction (EF), which is the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat. HFpEF is usually caused by conditions that affect the heart or blood vessels, such as aging, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, or kidney disease12
What Is Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction? - Healthline Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction - BMJ Best Practice
A patient is recovering from CABG surgery. On postoperative day 3, the patient's laboratory values indicate thrombocytopenia and elevated liver function tests. The patient is scheduled for hemodialysis today. A nurse notifies the physician of the abnormal laboratory values. The nurse should next anticipate an order to
The patient has thrombocytopenia, which is a low platelet count that increases the risk of bleeding. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents clotting, but also increases the risk of bleeding. Therefore, heparin should be avoided in patients with thrombocytopenia. Hemodialysis can be performed without heparin by using alternative methods such as saline flushes, blood predilution, or specialized dialyzers that reduce clotting. Transfusing platelets during hemodialysis is not recommended, as platelets may be damaged by the extracorporeal circuit. Rescheduling hemodialysis may not be feasible, as the patient may have fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, or uremia that require urgent dialysis.
Use and safety of heparin-free maintenance hemodialysis in the USA Anticoagulation for the hemodialysis procedureDialysis without anticoagulation (Heparin Free Dialysis)
A patient is admitted with a traumatic brain injury after being thrown from a horse. Despite numerous interventions, the patient is declared brain dead. The parents have consented for organ donation, and the patient's mother requests to lay next to her daughter before being taken to the operating room.Which of the following is the nurse's most appropriate response?
Answer(s): A
The nurse should respect the mother's request and facilitate the family's emotional needs during the end-of-life care. The nurse should also ensure the patient's safety and dignity by preparing and organizing the necessary equipment and monitoring before moving the mother next to the patient. The other options are not appropriate because they either deny the mother's request, imply that the patient is no longer alive, or delay the organ donation process.
Donor Family Care Service - NHS Blood and TransplantFamily-Centered Care to Improve Family Consent for Organ Donation
The family member of a patient who is receiving mechanical ventilation is to be taught suctioning. When developing a teaching plan, the nurse should first
The first step in developing a teaching plan is to assess the learner's needs, knowledge, and readiness to learn. This will help the nurse tailor the teaching plan to the individual's learning style, preferences, and goals. Obtaining written information, determining a schedule, and encouraging observation are all strategies that can be used later in the teaching plan, but they are not the first step.
AACN Essentials of Critical Care Nursing, Fourth Edition, page 18.Patient Education and Counseling, page 3.
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