A company is developing a two-tier web application on AWS. The company's developers have deployed the application on an Amazon EC2 instance that connects directly to a backend Amazon RDS database. The company must not hardcode database credentials in the application. The company must also implement a solution to automatically rotate the database credentials on a regular basis.Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer(s): C
Storing credentials in AWS Secrets Manager with automatic rotation provides secure, centralized credential management and seamless rotation without hardcoding, and EC2 can access the secret via its IAM role.A) Storing in instance metadata is insecure and not designed for credential rotation; updating metadata is not supported for secret rotation.B) Encrypted S3 config files require custom rotation logic and risk of stale applications; not ideal for automatic, centralized rotation.C) CORRECT: Secrets Manager supports automatic rotation and fine-grained IAM access for EC2.D) Parameter Store rotation exists but Secrets Manager offers richer rotation and easier credential management; more suitable for automatic rotation with minimal ops.
A company is deploying a new public web application to AWS. The application will run behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application needs to be encrypted at the edge with an SSL/TLS certificate that is issued by an external certificate authority (CA). The certificate must be rotated each year before the certificate expires.What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
Answer(s): D
ACM certificates cannot be imported; ACMs public certificates are issued only by ACM or public CAs managed by ACM. The correct approach is to import a externally issued certificate into ACM for use with the ALB and manually rotate before expiration, since ACM does not automatically rotate externally issued certificates. A) Incorrect because ACM cannot auto-rotate externally issued certificates. B) Incorrect because you cannot import key material to ACM-certified certificates for automatic rotation; ACM manages keys for public certificates. C) Incorrect because ACM Private CA issues privately trusted certificates, but automatic rotation still isn’t automatic for externally issued public certs and adds unnecessary complexity. D) Correct: import external certificate, attach to ALB, and set alerts for manual rotation before expiry.
A company runs its infrastructure on AWS and has a registered base of 700,000 users for its document management application. The company intends to create a product that converts large .pdf files to .jpg image files. The .pdf files average 5 MB in size. The company needs to store the original files and the converted files. A solutions architect must design a scalable solution to accommodate demand that will grow rapidly over time.Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Answer(s): A
A) This serverless approach leverages S3 storage, event-driven Lambda processing, and on-demand scaling with virtually unlimited concurrency, minimizing cost for variable load and large file processing. S3 PUT events trigger Lambda to convert and store JPEGs back in S3, avoiding EC2, EBS, or managed servers.B) DynamoDB is a NoSQL database, not suitable for storing large binary files or for file processing pipelines without additional services; using DynamoDB Streams with Lambda does not address file storage or processing efficiently.C) Elastic Beanstalk with EC2 and EBS is scalable but requires managing servers and storage; ongoing costs are higher than a serverless solution for sporadic or growing demand.D) EB with EFS still incurs EC2 management and higher storage costs; mixing EFS with EBS storage is inconsistent and less cost-effective for this use case.
A company has more than 5 TB of file data on Windows file servers that run on premises. Users and applications interact with the data each day.The company is moving its Windows workloads to AWS. As the company continues this process, the company requires access to AWS and on-premises file storage with minimum latency. The company needs a solution that minimizes operational overhead and requires no significant changes to the existing file access patterns. The company uses an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection for connectivity to AWS.What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
The correct answer D is right because it provides a low-latency, seamless hybrid NAS solution: FSx for Windows File Server on AWS for cloud workloads and an FSx File Gateway on premises to access data locally, preserving on-premises access patterns with minimal changes and centralized management over VPN. A) would require moving all data to managed Windows shares in AWS, increasing cutover risk and latency for on-prem users. B) and C) rely on S3, which is object storage with higher latency for file semantics and insufficient OS-level file share semantics without gateways for on-prem access. D preserves NAS compatibility and hybrid performance.
A hospital recently deployed a RESTful API with Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The hospital uses API Gateway and Lambda to upload reports that are in PDF format and JPEG format. The hospital needs to modify the Lambda code to identify protected health information (PHI) in the reports.Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Using Textract for OCR and Comprehend Medical for PHI identification provides a managed, purpose-built solution with minimal operational overhead. Textract handles PDF and JPEG text extraction; Comprehend Medical specializes in PHI/PHI-like aetiology, delivering HIPAA-friendly, scalable PHI detection integrated with AWS services.A) Manual Python libraries require custom maintenance and OCR/PHI logic, increasing overhead.B) SageMaker adds operation and model management complexity; PHI detection may require custom labeling and pipelines.D) Rekognition OCR is not optimized for document-heavy PHI tasks and pairing with Comprehend Medical adds unnecessary mismatch; Textract+Comprehend Medical is a better fit.
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