QUESTION: 309

A company runs its application on Amazon EC2 instances and AWS Lambda functions. The EC2 instances experience a continuous and stable load. The Lambda functions experience a varied and unpredictable load. The application includes a caching layer that uses an Amazon MemoryDB for Redis cluster.

A solutions architect must recommend a solution to minimize the company's overall monthly costs.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Purchase an EC2 instance Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan for Lambda to cover the minimum expected consumption of the Lambda functions. Purchase reserved nodes to cover the MemoryDB cache nodes.
Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances. Purchase Lambda reserved concurrency to cover the expected Lambda usage. Purchase reserved nodes to cover the MemoryDB cache nodes.
Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the entire expected cost of the EC2 instances, Lambda functions, and MemoryDB cache nodes.
Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances and the MemoryDB cache nodes. Purchase Lambda reserved concurrency to cover the expected Lambda usage.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The most cost-effective solution to minimize the overall monthly costs for this scenario is:
A. Purchase an EC2 instance Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan for Lambda to cover the minimum expected consumption of the Lambda functions. Purchase reserved nodes to cover the MemoryDB cache nodes.
Here’s why:
-EC2 instance Savings Plan will cover the continuous and stable load on the EC2 instances, providing cost savings by committing to a certain level of usage.
-Compute Savings Plan for Lambda will provide cost savings for the Lambda functions while allowing flexibility for varied and unpredictable loads. This helps optimize the cost while covering the minimum expected Lambda usage.
-Reserved nodes for MemoryDB will reduce costs for the caching layer since the load on MemoryDB is likely stable, making reserved nodes more cost-effective.
This combination optimizes cost across all components (EC2, Lambda, and MemoryDB) based on their usage patterns.

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QUESTION: 310

A company is launching a new online game on Amazon EC2 instances. The game must be available globally. The company plans to run the game in three AWS Regions us-east-1, eu-west-1, and ap-southeast-1. The game's leaderboards, player inventory and event status must be available across Regions.

A solutions architect must design a solution that will give any Region the ability to scale to handle the load of all Regions. Additionally, users must automatically connect to the Region that provides the least latency.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Create an EC2 Spot Fleet. Attach the Spot Fleet to a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each Region. Create an AWS Global Accelerator IP address that points to the NLB. Create an Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing entry for the Global Accelerator IP address. Save the game metadata to an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance in each Region. Set up a read replica in the other Regions.
Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances Attach the Auto Scaling group to a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each Region. For each Region, create an Amazon Route 53 entry that uses geoproximity routing and points to the NLB in that Region. Save the game metadata to MySQL databases on EC2 instances in each Region. Set up replication between the database EC2 instances in each Region.
Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Attach the Auto Scaling group to a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each Region. For each Region, create an Amazon Route 53 entry that uses latency-based routing and points to the NLB in that Region. Save the game metadata to an Amazon DynamoDB global table.
Use EC2 Global View. Deploy the EC2 instances to each Region. Attach the instances to a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Deploy a DNS server on an EC2 instance in each Region. Set up custom logic on each DNS server to redirect the user to the Region that provides the lowest latency. Save the game metadata to an Amazon Aurora global database.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

C. This solution meets the requirements with the least operational overhead for several reasons:
1.Auto Scaling Group with Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each Region ensures the application can scale dynamically in each region based on demand, providing high availability and load distribution.
2.Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing directs users to the Region with the lowest latency, automatically ensuring the best user experience without manual intervention or complex custom logic.
3.Amazon DynamoDB global table is a managed service that provides cross-region replication, allowing data to be available globally with minimal operational overhead. This setup ensures that game data, such as leaderboards and player inventory, is consistent and available across all regions.
Compared to the other options, this approach leverages managed services with automatic scaling, replication, and routing, minimizing operational complexity and maintenance.

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QUESTION: 311

A company is deploying a third-party firewall appliance solution from AWS Marketplace to monitor and protect traffic that leaves the company's AWS environments. The company wants to deploy this appliance into a shared services VPC and route all outbound internet-bound traffic through the appliances.

A solutions architect needs to recommend a deployment method that prioritizes reliability and minimizes failover time between firewall appliances within a single AWS Region. The company has set up routing from the shared services VPC to other VPCs.

Which steps should the solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Deploy two firewall appliances into the shared services VPC, each in a separate Availability Zone.
Create a new Network Load Balancer in the shared services VPC. Create a new target group, and attach it to the new Network Load Balancer. Add each of the firewall appliance instances to the target group.
Create a new Gateway Load Balancer in the shared services VPCreate a new target group, and attach it to the new Gateway Load Balancer Add each of the firewall appliance instances to the target group.
Create a VPC interface endpoint. Add a route to the route table in the shared services VPC. Designate the new endpoint as the next hop for traffic that enters the shared services VPC from other VPCs.
Deploy two firewall appliances into the shared services VPC, each in the same Availability Zone.
Create a VPC Gateway Load Balancer endpoint. Add a route to the route table in the shared services VPC. Designate the new endpoint as the next hop for traffic that enters the shared services VPC from other VPCs.

Answer(s): A,C,F

Explanation:

To meet the requirement of deploying a third-party firewall appliance solution that ensures reliability and minimizes failover time, these steps are recommended:
A: Deploy two firewall appliances into the shared services VPC, each in a separate Availability Zone:
-Deploying appliances in separate Availability Zones ensures high availability and fault tolerance. If one AZ or firewall appliance fails, traffic can still flow through the other.
C: Create a new Gateway Load Balancer in the shared services VPC. Create a new target group, and attach it to the new Gateway Load Balancer. Add each of the firewall appliance instances to the target group:
-A Gateway Load Balancer provides an efficient way to route traffic to third-party appliances and simplifies the routing process for high availability. It ensures that traffic is distributed between the firewall appliances and that failover happens seamlessly.
F: Create a VPC Gateway Load Balancer endpoint. Add a route to the route table in the shared services VPC. Designate the new endpoint as the next hop for traffic that enters the shared services VPC from other VPCs:
-The Gateway Load Balancer endpoint allows the traffic from other VPCs to be routed through the firewall appliances in the shared services VPC. This setup ensures that traffic from other VPCs is monitored and protected as it passes through the firewall appliances.
By deploying firewall appliances in separate Availability Zones and leveraging Gateway Load Balancers and VPC endpoints, you ensure both high availability and reliable routing of traffic through the firewall appliances, minimizing failover time.

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QUESTION: 312

A solutions architect needs to migrate an on-premises legacy application to AWS. The application runs on two servers behind a load balancer. The application requires a license file that is associated with the MAC address of the server's network adapter It takes the software vendor 12 hours to send new license files. The application also uses configuration files with a static IP address to access a database server, host names are not supported.

Given these requirements, which combination of steps should be taken to implement highly available architecture for the application servers in AWS? (Choose two.)

Create a pool of ENIs. Request license files from the vendor for the pool, and store the license files in Amazon S3. Create a bootstrap automation script to download a license file and attach the corresponding ENI to an Amazon EC2 instance.
Create a pool of ENIs. Request license files from the vendor for the pool, store the license files on an Amazon EC2 instance. Create an AMI from the instance and use this AMI for all future EC2 instances.
Create a bootstrap automation script to request a new license file from the vendor .When the response is received, apply the license file to an Amazon EC2 instance.
Edit the bootstrap automation script to read the database server IP address from the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store, and inject the value into the local configuration files.
Edit an Amazon EC2 instance to include the database server IP address in the configuration files and re-create the AMI to use for all future EC2 stances.

Answer(s): A,D

Explanation:

For this scenario, where the legacy application relies on the MAC address for licensing and requires a static IP address to connect to the database, the solution must ensure high availability and manage the application's unique licensing requirements. The following combination of steps will meet these requirements:
A) Create a pool of ENIs. Request license files from the vendor for the pool, and store the license files in Amazon S3. Create a bootstrap automation script to download a license file and attach the corresponding ENI to an Amazon EC2 instance:
-By creating a pool of Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs), each with a fixed MAC address, you can associate a unique license file for each ENI. The application can then attach the ENI to new EC2 instances as needed, ensuring that the application continues to function with the correct license even if the EC2 instance changes.
D) Edit the bootstrap automation script to read the database server IP address from the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store, and inject the value into the local configuration files:
-Since the application requires a static IP address for database access, AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store can be used to store the database IP address. The bootstrap script can then retrieve the IP address from Parameter Store and inject it into the application’s configuration files, ensuring that the application connects to the correct database server.
This solution enables high availability by allowing the application to run on multiple EC2 instances and ensures proper handling of licensing and static IP requirements.

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