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AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate SAA-C03 Questions 526–530 (page: 107)

Updated On: 16-Mar-2026

A solutions architect is reviewing the resilience of an application. The solutions architect notices that a database administrator recently failed over the application's Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database writer instance as part of a scaling exercise. The failover resulted in 3 minutes of downtime for the application.
Which solution will reduce the downtime for scaling exercises with the LEAST operational overhead?

  1. Create more Aurora PostgreSQL read replicas in the cluster to handle the load during failover.
  2. Set up a secondary Aurora PostgreSQL cluster in the same AWS Region. During failover, update the application to use the secondary cluster's writer endpoint.
  3. Create an Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached cluster to handle the load during failover.
  4. Set up an Amazon RDS proxy for the database. Update the application to use the proxy endpoint.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

A secondary RDS proxy for the database minimizes failover impact with automatic connection management and transparent endpoint failover, reducing application downtime and operational overhead during scaling exercises. A) Adding read replicas helps read load but does not address writer failover latency for write operations; it increases complexity and doesn’t provide seamless failover for write path. B) A secondary cluster requires application logic changes and synchronization considerations; it still involves failover handling and higher overhead. C) ElastiCache mitigates some read latency but not the primary write path or failover behavior for Aurora PostgreSQL. D) RDS Proxy abstracts and pools connections, enabling rapid failover with minimal code changes, matching the least operational overhead.



A company has a regional subscription-based streaming service that runs in a single AWS Region. The architecture consists of web servers and application servers on Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are in Auto Scaling groups behind Elastic Load Balancers. The architecture includes an Amazon Aurora global database cluster that extends across multiple Availability Zones.
The company wants to expand globally and to ensure that its application has minimal downtime.
Which solution will provide the MOST fault tolerance?

  1. Extend the Auto Scaling groups for the web tier and the application tier to deploy instances in Availability Zones in a second Region. Use an Aurora global database to deploy the database in the primary Region and the second Region. Use Amazon Route 53 health checks with a failover routing policy to the second Region.
  2. Deploy the web tier and the application tier to a second Region. Add an Aurora PostgreSQL cross-Region Aurora Replica in the second Region. Use Amazon Route 53 health checks with a failover routing policy to the second Region. Promote the secondary to primary as needed.
  3. Deploy the web tier and the application tier to a second Region. Create an Aurora PostgreSQL database in the second Region. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to replicate the primary database to the second Region. Use Amazon Route 53 health checks with a failover routing policy to the second Region.
  4. Deploy the web tier and the application tier to a second Region. Use an Amazon Aurora global database to deploy the database in the primary Region and the second Region. Use Amazon Route 53 health checks with a failover routing policy to the second Region. Promote the secondary to primary as needed.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

D) The Aurora Global Database enables multi-region read/write capabilities with low-latency failover and automatic replication between regions, providing the highest resilience for a global, fault-tolerant deployment. Route 53 failover directs traffic to the healthy secondary region if the primary becomes unavailable, and promoting the secondary to primary as needed ensures continuity without data loss.
A) Uses Route 53 failover but only copies primary in one region in a global DB; does not optimize cross-region write continuity as effectively.
B) Cross-region replica requires manual promotion and has potential write conflicts and lag during failover.
C) AWS DMS replication introduces lag and potential data-view inconsistency; not as seamless as Global Database failover.



A data analytics company wants to migrate its batch processing system to AWS. The company receives thousands of small data files periodically during the day through FTP. An on-premises batch job processes the data files overnight. However, the batch job takes hours to finish running.
The company wants the AWS solution to process incoming data files as soon as possible with minimal changes to the FTP clients that send the files. The solution must delete the incoming data files after the files have been processed successfully. Processing for each file needs to take 3-8 minutes.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

  1. Use an Amazon EC2 instance that runs an FTP server to store incoming files as objects in Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval. Configure a job queue in AWS Batch. Use Amazon EventBridge rules to invoke the job to process the objects nightly from S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval. Delete the objects after the job has processed the objects.
  2. Use an Amazon EC2 instance that runs an FTP server to store incoming files on an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Configure a job queue in AWS Batch. Use Amazon EventBridge rules to invoke the job to process the files nightly from the EBS volume. Delete the files after the job has processed the files.
  3. Use AWS Transfer Family to create an FTP server to store incoming files on an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Configure a job queue in AWS Batch. Use an Amazon S3 event notification when each file arrives to invoke the job in AWS Batch. Delete the files after the job has processed the files.
  4. Use AWS Transfer Family to create an FTP server to store incoming files in Amazon S3 Standard. Create an AWS Lambda function to process the files and to delete the files after they are processed. Use an S3 event notification to invoke the Lambda function when the files arrive.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

AWS Transfer Family with S3 storage and Lambda provides near real-time processing of each arriving file, with event-driven invocation on arrival and automatic deletion after successful processing, meeting the 3–8 minute per-file requirement and minimizing changes to FTP clients.
A) Uses S3 Glacier: impractical for near real-time processing due to retrieval latency and not event-driven for immediate processing. Also Glacier is for archival, not active processing.
B) Uses EBS with on-prem FTP: not scalable, lacks durable object storage semantics, and complicates processing queueing and deletion guarantees.
C) Triggers Batch via EventBridge on arrival to EBS: adds overhead and batch queues are less suited for per-file, low-latency processing; more complex to manage deletions.
D) Correct: S3, Lambda, event-based, immediate processing, automatic cleanup, minimal client changes.



A company is migrating its workloads to AWS. The company has transactional and sensitive data in its databases. The company wants to use AWS Cloud solutions to increase security and reduce operational overhead for the databases.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

  1. Migrate the databases to Amazon EC2. Use an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) AWS managed key for encryption.
  2. Migrate the databases to Amazon RDS Configure encryption at rest.
  3. Migrate the data to Amazon S3 Use Amazon Macie for data security and protection
  4. Migrate the database to Amazon RDS. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs for data security and protection.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. RDS with encryption at rest provides managed database services with built-in encryption, reducing operational overhead and protecting sensitive transactional data.
A) Using EC2 with AWS KMS key places encryption responsibility on you and increases management overhead, not ideal for reducing operational burden.
C) S3 + Macie targets object storage; databases are not best migrated to S3 for transactional workloads, and Macie is for data discovery, not core DB encryption.
D) CloudWatch Logs do not provide data-at-rest encryption or database-level protection for operational databases; it’s for monitoring, not data security encryption.



A company has an online gaming application that has TCP and UDP multiplayer gaming capabilities. The company uses Amazon Route 53 to point the application traffic to multiple Network Load Balancers (NLBs) in different AWS Regions. The company needs to improve application performance and decrease latency for the online game in preparation for user growth.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

  1. Add an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the NLBs. Increase the Cache-Control max-age parameter.
  2. Replace the NLBs with Application Load Balancers (ALBs). Configure Route 53 to use latency-based routing.
  3. Add AWS Global Accelerator in front of the NLBs. Configure a Global Accelerator endpoint to use the correct listener ports.
  4. Add an Amazon API Gateway endpoint behind the NLBs. Enable API caching. Override method caching for the different stages.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Global Accelerator provides a single static Anycast IP that routes to optimal endpoints across Regions, reducing latency for TCP/UDP traffic to multiple NLBs in different Regions. It optimizes path selection and health checks, improving gaming performance and resilience.
A) CloudFront adds cache for HTTP/HTTPS and is not effective for TCP/UDP gaming traffic and non-HTTP protocols, making latency improvements unreliable.
B) ALBs are region-bound and do not improve global latency for non-HTTP/TCP/UDP traffic across Regions in the same way as Global Accelerator. Route 53 latency routing helps, but Global Accelerator yields lower latency and consistency.
D) API Gateway is for HTTP APIs, not suitable for low-latency TCP/UDP workloads behind NLBs; caching is limited to API responses and not appropriate for real-time gaming traffic.



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