QUESTION: 293

An application is deployed on Amazon EC2 instances that run in an Auto Scaling group. The Auto Scaling group configuration uses only one type of instance.

CPU and memory utilization metrics show that the instances are underutilized. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution to permanently reduce the EC2 cost and increase the utilization.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST number of configuration changes in the future?

List instance types that have properties that are similar to the properties that the current instances have. Modify the Auto Scaling group's launch template configuration to use multiple instance types from the list.
Use the information about the application's CPU and memory utilization to select an instance type that matches the requirements. Modify the Auto Scaling group's configuration by adding the new instance type. Remove the current instance type from the configuration.
Use the information about the application's CPU and memory utilization to specify CPU and memory requirements in a new revision of the Auto Scaling group's launch template. Remove the current instance type from the configuration.
Create a script that selects the appropriate instance types from the AWS Price List Bulk API. Use the selected instance types to create a new revision of the Auto Scaling group's launch template.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

C) is the most suitable solution as it allows you to optimize the EC2 instances based on the actual CPU and memory utilization of the application. By specifying the required CPU and memory in the Auto Scaling group’s launch template, AWS will automatically select and scale instances that best meet the specified resource requirements. This approach reduces underutilization and cost while requiring fewer configuration changes in the future since the instance selection will automatically adjust based on utilization.
The other options either involve more manual intervention or do not directly address the utilization and cost issues as efficiently.

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QUESTION: 294

A company implements a containerized application by using Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) and Amazon API Gateway The application data is stored in Amazon Aurora databases and Amazon DynamoDB databases. The company automates infrastructure provisioning by using AWS CloudFormation. The company automates application deployment by using AWS CodePipeline.

A solutions architect needs to implement a disaster recovery (DR) strategy that meets an RPO of 2 hours and an RTO of 4 hours.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Set up an Aurora global database and DynamoDB global tables to replicate the databases to a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon CloudFront with origin failover to route traffic to the secondary Region during a DR scenario.
Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS), Amazon EventBridge, and AWS Lambda to replicate the Aurora databases to a secondary AWS Region. Use DynamoDB Streams, EventBridge. and Lambda to replicate the DynamoDB databases to the secondary Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the secondary Region.
Use AWS Backup to create backups of the Aurora databases and the DynamoDB databases in a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the secondary Region.
Set up an Aurora global database and DynamoDB global tables to replicate the databases to a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the secondary Region.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

C) is the most cost-effective solution as it leverages AWS Backup to back up the Aurora and DynamoDB databases to a secondary AWS Region, ensuring that data can be restored in the event of a disaster. This approach meets the RPO and RTO requirements without requiring continuous replication of data across regions, which would incur higher costs. Additionally, Amazon Route 53 failover routing ensures that traffic can be redirected to the secondary Region in a disaster recovery scenario.
This solution minimizes costs while meeting the RPO of 2 hours and RTO of 4 hours effectively.

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QUESTION: 295

A company has a complex web application that leverages Amazon CloudFront for global scalability and performance. Over time, users report that the web application is slowing down.

The company's operations team reports that the CloudFront cache hit ratio has been dropping steadily. The cache metrics report indicates that query strings on some URLs are inconsistently ordered and are specified sometimes in mixed-case letters and sometimes in lowercase letters.

Which set of actions should the solutions architect take to increase the cache hit ratio as quickly as possible?

Deploy a Lambda@Edge function to sort parameters by name and force them to be lowercase. Select the CloudFront viewer request trigger to invoke the function.
Update the CloudFront distribution to disable caching based on query string parameters.
Deploy a reverse proxy after the load balancer to post-process the emitted URLs in the application to force the URL strings to be lowercase.
Update the CloudFront distribution to specify casing-insensitive query string processing.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

A) is the correct answer because deploying a Lambda@Edge function allows the parameters in the URL to be sorted and transformed to lowercase, ensuring consistent formatting of query strings. This will directly improve the cache hit ratio by making sure that similar requests are treated identically, regardless of the order or case of the query strings. Using the viewer request trigger ensures that the function is invoked before the cache is checked, leading to improved performance and cache hit ratio.
This approach is fast and effective without requiring application-level changes or complex reconfigurations.

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QUESTION: 296

A company runs an ecommerce application in a single AWS Region. The application uses a five-node Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster to store information about customers and their recent orders. The DB cluster experiences a large number of write transactions throughout the day.

The company needs to replicate the data in the Aurora database to another Region to meet disaster recovery requirements. The company has an RPO of 1 hour.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LOWEST cost?

Modify the Aurora database to be an Aurora global database. Create a second Aurora database in another Region.
Enable the Backtrack feature for the Aurora database. Create an AWS Lambda function that runs daily to copy the snapshots of the database to a backup Region.
Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Create a DMS change data capture (CDC) task that replicates the ongoing changes from the Aurora database to an Amazon S3 bucket in another Region.
Turn off automated Aurora backups. Configure Aurora backups with a backup frequency of 1 hour. Specify another Region as the destination Region. Select the Aurora database as the resource assignment.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

C) is the correct answer because using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with a change data capture (CDC) task allows for near real-time replication of data changes from the primary Aurora database to an Amazon S3 bucket in another Region. This approach meets the RPO of 1 hour as it replicates ongoing changes and ensures that data is available in the backup Region without the need for creating a full replica of the Aurora database.
This solution is cost-effective because it leverages S3 storage for replication instead of provisioning an entire second Aurora cluster in another Region, which would significantly increase costs.

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QUESTION: 293

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QUESTION: 295

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QUESTION: 296

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