Fill in the blank with an appropriate word.A ______________is a Web site that is used for searching a particular subject provided as a keyword.
Answer(s): A
A search engine is a Web site that is used for searching a particular subject provided as a keyword. The search engine searches for the subject and provides the links to those Web sites that contain the subject. Search engines use databases and programs to collect information from the Web sites. This information is indexed by the search engines.
Which of the following signals is transmitted on the internal bus structure of the motherboard and processor or across a network and represents the binary value of the transmitted data?
A digital signal is one in which the original information is converted into a string of bits before being transmitted. A radio signal, for example, will be either on or off. Digital signals can be sent for long distances and suffer less interference than Analog signals. The communications industry worldwide is in the midst of a switch to digital signals. Sound storage in a compact disk is in digital form. This type of signal is transmitted on the internal bus structure of the motherboard and processor or across a network. It represents the binary value of the transmitted data. The signal pattern of the data consists of a series of high and low frequencies.A simplified depiction of a digital signal is shown in the below figure. Answer option D is incorrect. An Analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to another time varying signal. It differs from a digital signal in terms of small fluctuations in the signal which are meaningful. Analog is usually thought of in an electrical context; however mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.An analog signal uses some property of the medium to convey the signal's information. For example, an aneroid barometer uses rotary position as the signal to convey pressure information. Electrically, the property most commonly used is voltage followed closely by frequency, current, and charge.For example, in sound recording, fluctuations in air pressure (that is to say, sound) strike the diaphragm of a microphone which induces corresponding fluctuations in the current produced by a coil in an electromagnetic microphone, or the voltage produced by a condenser microphone. The voltage or the current is said to be an 'analog' of the sound. A simplified depiction of analog signal is shown in the figure below.Answer option B is incorrect. A carrier signal is a transmitted electromagnetic pulse or wave at a steady base frequency of alternation on which information can be imposed by increasing signal strength, varying the base frequency, varying the wave phase, or other means. This variation is called modulation. With the advent of laser transmission over optical fiber media, a carrier can also be a laser-generated light beam on which information is imposed.Types of analog modulation of a carrier include amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation. Types of digital modulation include varieties of pulse code modulation (PCM), including pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse duration modulation (PDM), and pulse position modulation (PPM). Answer option C is incorrect. An off-hook signal is an informational signal generated by analog phones. A receiver off-hook signal is used to indicate that a telephone receiver is placed off- hook and there is no activity on that line. Since an analog phone considers dialing to be the only detectable "activity", a voice dialog between a caller and a voice recognition system does not normally disengage the connection.
Which of the following IEEE standards defines Ethernet and the use of copper cabling in a network?
Answer(s): D
The IEEE 802.3 standards define the physical layer and the media access control (MAC) sublayer of the data link layer of a wired Ethernet. These standards are made for physical connections between nodes and infrastructure devices by various types of copper or fiber cable. Infrastructure devices include hubs, switches, routers, etc. The IEEE 802.3 standard also defines the use of copper cabling in a network.Answer option A is incorrect. 802.11i, also referred to as IEEE 802.11i-2004, is a standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs). It provides improved encryption for networks that use the popular 802.11a, 802.11b (which includes Wi-Fi), and 802.11g standards. It is an amendment to the original IEEE 802.11. The 802.11i standard requires new encryption key protocols, known as Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The 802.11i specification offers a level of security sufficient to satisfy most government agencies. However, AES requires a dedicated chip, and this may mean hardware upgrades for most existing Wi-Fi networks. Other features of 802.11i are key caching, which facilitates fast reconnection to the server for users who have temporarily gone offline, and pre-authentication, which allows fast roaming and is ideal for use with advanced applications such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). Answer option B is incorrect. IEEE 802.1X is an IEEE Standard for port-based Network Access Control (PNAC). It is part of the IEEE 802.1 group of networking protocols. It provides an authentication mechanism to devices wishing to attach to a LAN, either establishing a point-to-point connection or preventing it if authentication fails.IEEE 802.1X defines the encapsulation of the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) over IEEE 802 which is known as "EAP over LANs" or EAPOL. EAPOL was originally designed for IEEE 802.3 Ethernet in 802.1X-2001, but was clarified to suit other IEEE 802 LAN technologies such as IEEE 802.11 wireless and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (ISO 9314-2) in 802.1X-2004. The EAPOL protocol was also modified for use with IEEE 802.1AE (MACSec) and IEEE 802.1AR (Secure Device Identity / DevID) in 802.1X-2010. Answer option C is incorrect. International standard ISO/IEC 11801 specifies general-purpose telecommunication cabling systems (structured cabling) that are suitable for a wide range of applications (analog and ISDN telephony, various data communication standards, building control systems, factory automation). This standard is defined by ISO/IEC. It covers both balanced copper cabling and optical fiber cabling. The standard was designed for use within commercial premises that may consist of either a single building or of multiple buildings on a campus. It was optimized for premises that span up to 3 km, up to 1 km2 office space, with between 50 and 50,000 persons, but can also be applied for installations outside this range. A corresponding standard for small-office/home-office (SOHO) environments is ISO/IEC 15018, which also covers 1.2 GHz links for cable and satellite TV applications.
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.________________are emails that urge the recipient to forward these emails to other people.
Chain letters are emails that urge the recipient to forward these emails to other people. Forwarding chain letters wastes the network bandwidth and user's time. Amy Bruce, Angels Exist, Applebees Gift Certificate, ATM Theft, Bill Gates, and Bill Gates Fortune are some good examples of chain letters.
Electronic communication technology refers to the technology devices used for communication among individuals or groups.What are the risks that can impact electronic communications? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.
Answer(s): A,B,C,D
The following are the risks of using electronic communications:Equipment failures: One of the risks of electronic communications is equipment failures. The teleconference or Web video conference can be interrupted due to an equipment or service failure. Application failures: Application failure is also a risk during an electronic communication. Application software can fail or crash during the communication. For example: an e-mail client could fail to send or receive messages due to connection failure, communication server crashes, etc. Inappropriate messages or content: Unsolicited, junk, and spoofed e-mails are the major risks of electronic communications. Unethical use of electronic communication: Instant messengers and social networking services can be used for variety of unethical and illegal purposes. Inappropriate use of e-mail addressing: The Reply All, To:, Cc:, and Bcc: options can create privacy issues.
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