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CFA Level I Chartered Financial Analyst Questions 2051–2055 (page: 412)

Updated On: 9-Feb-2026

Under a periodic inventory system, how is COGS determined?

  1. Ending inventory is counted and subtracted from beginning inventory.
  2. Cost of goods sold is accumulated as sales are made.
  3. None of these answers is correct.
  4. The cost of ending inventory is subtracted from costs of goods available for sale.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Under the periodic inventory system, only the ending inventory is counted and priced. Cost of goods sold is determined by deducting the cost of the ending inventory from the cost of goods available for sale.



The portion of the insurance premiums that has expired during the fiscal period is classified as

  1. an increase in retained earnings
  2. an asset
  3. an expense
  4. a liability

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

In accordance with the matching rule, the amount of an insurance policy that has expired during the accounting period must be recorded and classified as an expense for the period.



How should the effect of a change in accounting estimate be accounted for?

  1. None of these answers.
  2. By reporting pro forma amounts for prior periods.
  3. In the period of change and future periods if the change affects both.
  4. By restating amounts reported in financial statements of prior periods.
  5. As prior-period adjustments to beginning retained earnings.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The effect of a change in accounting estimate must be accounted for as a component of income from continuing operations in the period of change and in future periods.



In a period of falling prices, the FIFO inventory method

  1. neither of these answers is correct
  2. both of these answers are correct
  3. magnifies the effects of the business cycle on income
  4. gives the lowest possible value for ending inventory

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The first-in-first-out (FIFO) method is based on the assumption that the costs of the first items acquired should be assigned to the first items sold, therefore ending inventory on hand is based on the most recent prices.



Realized gains and losses from sales of assets are measured as

  1. fair value of asset less net book value of asset.
  2. sales price of asset less net book value of asset.
  3. net book value less fair value of asset.
  4. sales price of asset less fair value of asset.

Answer(s): B



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