Free CFA-Level-III Exam Braindumps (page: 30)

Security analysts Andrew Tian, CFA, and Cameron Wong, CFA, are attending an investment symposium at the Singapore Investment Analyst Society. The focus of the symposium is capital market expectations and relative asset valuations across markets. Many highly-respected practitioners and academics from across the Asia- Pacific region are on hand to make presentations and participate in panel discussions.
The first presenter, Lillian So, President of the Society, speaks on market expectations and tools for estimating intrinsic valuations. She notes that analysts attempting to gauge expectations are often subject to various pitfalls that subjectively skew their estimates. She also points out that there are potential problems relating to a choice of models, not all of which describe risk the same way. She then provides the following data to illustrate how analysts might go about estimating expectations and intrinsic values.

The next speaker, Clive Smyth, is a member of the exchange rate committee at the Bank of New Zealand. His presentation concerns the links between spot currency rates and forecasted exchange rates. He states that foreign exchange rates are linked by several forces including purchasing power parity (PPP) and interest rate parity (IRP). He tells his audience that the relationship between exchange rates and PPP is strongest in the short run, while the relationship between exchange rates and IRP is strongest in the long run. Smyth goes on to say that when a country's economy becomes more integrated with the larger world economy, this can have a profound impact on the cost of capital and asset valuations in that country.

The final speaker in the session directed his discussion toward emerging market investments. This discussion, by Hector Ruiz, head of emerging market investment for the Chilean Investment Board, was primarily concerned with how emerging market risk differs from that in developed markets and how to evaluate the potential of emerging market investments. He noted that sometimes an economic crisis in one country can spread to other countries in the area, and that asset returns often exhibit a greater degree of non-normality than in developed markets.


Ruiz concluded his presentation with the data in the tables below to illustrate factors that should be considered during the decision-making process for portfolio managers who are evaluating investments in emerging markets.

Determine which of the following characteristics of emerging market debt investing presents the global fixed income portfolio manager with the best potential to generate enhanced returns.

Security analysts Andrew Tian, CFA, and Cameron Wong, CFA, are attending an investment symposium at the Singapore Investment Analyst Society. The focus of the symposium is capital market expectations and relative asset valuations across markets. Many highly-respected practitioners and academics from across the Asia- Pacific region are on hand to make presentations and participate in panel discussions.
The first presenter, Lillian So, President of the Society, speaks on market expectations and tools for estimating intrinsic valuations. She notes that analysts attempting to gauge expectations are often subject to various pitfalls that subjectively skew their estimates. She also points out that there are potential problems relating to a choice of models, not all of which describe risk the same way. She then provides the following data to illustrate how analysts might go about estimating expectations and intrinsic values.

The next speaker, Clive Smyth, is a member of the exchange rate committee at the Bank of New Zealand. His presentation concerns the links between spot currency rates and forecasted exchange rates. He states that foreign exchange rates are linked by several forces including purchasing power parity (PPP) and interest rate parity (IRP). He tells his audience that the relationship between exchange rates and PPP is strongest in the short run, while the relationship between exchange rates and IRP is strongest in the long run. Smyth goes on to say that when a country's economy becomes more integrated with the larger world economy, this can have a profound impact on the cost of capital and asset valuations in that country.

The final speaker in the session directed his discussion toward emerging market investments. This discussion, by Hector Ruiz, head of emerging market investment for the Chilean Investment Board, was primarily concerned with how emerging market risk differs from that in developed markets and how to evaluate the potential of emerging market investments. He noted that sometimes an economic crisis in one country can spread to other countries in the area, and that asset returns often exhibit a greater degree of non-normality than in developed markets.


Ruiz concluded his presentation with the data in the tables below to illustrate factors that should be considered during the decision-making process for portfolio managers who are evaluating investments in emerging markets.

With regard to Ruiz's statements concerning emerging market risk, when an economic crisis spreads from one country to other countries in the area, this is known as:

Security analysts Andrew Tian, CFA, and Cameron Wong, CFA, are attending an investment symposium at the Singapore Investment Analyst Society. The focus of the symposium is capital market expectations and relative asset valuations across markets. Many highly-respected practitioners and academics from across the Asia- Pacific region are on hand to make presentations and participate in panel discussions.
The first presenter, Lillian So, President of the Society, speaks on market expectations and tools for estimating intrinsic valuations. She notes that analysts attempting to gauge expectations are often subject to various pitfalls that subjectively skew their estimates. She also points out that there are potential problems relating to a choice of models, not all of which describe risk the same way. She then provides the following data to illustrate how analysts might go about estimating expectations and intrinsic values.

The next speaker, Clive Smyth, is a member of the exchange rate committee at the Bank of New Zealand. His presentation concerns the links between spot currency rates and forecasted exchange rates. He states that foreign exchange rates are linked by several forces including purchasing power parity (PPP) and interest rate parity (IRP). He tells his audience that the relationship between exchange rates and PPP is strongest in the short run, while the relationship between exchange rates and IRP is strongest in the long run. Smyth goes on to say that when a country's economy becomes more integrated with the larger world economy, this can have a profound impact on the cost of capital and asset valuations in that country.

The final speaker in the session directed his discussion toward emerging market investments. This discussion, by Hector Ruiz, head of emerging market investment for the Chilean Investment Board, was primarily concerned with how emerging market risk differs from that in developed markets and how to evaluate the potential of emerging market investments. He noted that sometimes an economic crisis in one country can spread to other countries in the area, and that asset returns often exhibit a greater degree of non-normality than in developed markets.


Ruiz concluded his presentation with the data in the tables below to illustrate factors that should be considered during the decision-making process for portfolio managers who are evaluating investments in emerging markets.

Based upon the data provided, which of the following statements is most correct?

Maurice Taylor, CFA, FRM, is responsible for managing risk in his firm's commodity portfolios. Taylor has extensive experience in the risk management field and as a result has been appointed the task of mentoring entry-level employees. Steven Jacobs is a newly hired Financial Analyst who has been assigned to research the company's risk management process. To verify the accuracy of his findings he consults Taylor. Taylor agrees to thoroughly review Jacobs* findings and volunteers to contribute his knowledge to enhance any part of the report that mentions Taylor's department.

A week later Jacobs, submits his report to his supervisor without reading Taylor's suggestions. Some excerpts from the report are as follows;
• "Many portfolio managers use a ratio that compares the average alpha to the standard deviation of alpha to measure risk-adjusted performance. This ratio can be used to rank their ability to generate excess returns on a consistent basis."
"The main difference between risk governance and risk budgeting is that risk governance is concerned with policies and standards, whereas risk budgeting is concerned with allocating risk."
• "In an ERM system individual portfolio managers are charged with measuring, managing, and monitoring their portfolio risk as well as determining their optimal amount of capital at risk. With this information upper management gains a better overall picture of the firm's risk."
• "The two general categories of risk are financial and non-financial risks. Financial risks include market risk and credit risk. Non-financial risks include settlement risk, regulatory risk, model risk, liquidity risk, operations risk, and political risk."
Jacobs' supervisor thanks him for the report and assigns him the next task of researching the firm's VAR calculation methodologies. His supervisor is wondering if the firm should switch to the Monte Carlo Method from the Historical Method. Jacobs again decides to consult Taylor for his expertise. Taylor agrees that using the Monte Carlo Method would be useful since it incorporates returns distributions rather than single point estimates of risk and return- This may be appropriate for Taylor's portfolios since commodity returns can exhibit skewed distributions. Taylor, however, informs Jacobs that there are also advantages to using historical VAR including that it is based on modern portfolio theory (MPT).
Jacobs uses the firm's small cap value portfolio to illustrate the calculation of VAR. The value of the portfolio is $140 million and it has an annual expected return of 12.10%. The annual standard deviation of returns is 18.20%. Assuming a standard normal distribution, 5% of the potential portfolio values are more than 1.65 standard deviations below the expected return.
Jacobs completes his research report on VAR by adding an appendix section on extensions of VAR. He states that one extension that can be particularly valuable in risk management measures the impact of a single asset on the portfolio VAR. This measure captures the effects of the correlations of the individual assets on the overall portfolio VAR.
In the first statement in his research report, Jacobs is most likely describing the: