AB and FG incorporated on 1 January 20X1 in the same country and had similar investment in net assets. Both entities are financed entirely by equity. In the year to 31 December 20X1 both entities generated the same volume of sales.
Which of the following, taken individually, would explain why AB's return on capital employed ratio was lower than that of FG?
- AB revalued its non current assets upwards on 31 December 20X1; FG's non current assets were stated at historic cost.
- FG issued bonds on 31 December 20X1; AB remains ungeared.
- AB paid a lower dividend to its shareholders than FG in the year.
- AB's deferred tax provision at the year end is higher than that of FG.
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