In 2016, ANA Airlines had to cancel some of its flight. The airline said it had discovered the cracks to the jet engine turbine blades.What should ANA procurement team do next to solve this problem?
Answer(s): A
Cracks on the jet engine is a closed-end problem. A typical problem solving process has 8 steps:Step 1: Define the Problem- What is the problem?- How did you discover the problem?- When did the problem start and how long has this problem been going on?- Is there enough data available to contain the problem and prevent it from getting passed to the next process step? If yes, contain the problem.Step 2: Clarify the Problem- What data is available or needed to help clarify, or fully understand the problem?- Is it a top priority to resolve the problem at this point in time?- Are additional resources required to clarify the problem? If yes, elevate the problem to your leader to help locate the right resources and form a team.- Consider a Lean Event (Do-it, Burst, RPI, Project).- Ensure the problem is contained and does not get passed to the next process step.Step 3: Define the Goals- What is your end goal or desired future state?- What will you accomplish if you fix this problem?- What is the desired timeline for solving this problem? Step 4: Identify Root Cause of the Problem- Identify possible causes of the problem.- Prioritize possible root causes of the problem.- What information or data is there to validate the root cause? Step 5: Develop Action Plan- Generate a list of actions required to address the root cause and prevent problem from getting to others.- Assign an owner and timeline to each action.- Status actions to ensure completion.Step 6: Execute Action Plan- Implement action plan to address the root cause.- Verify actions are completed.Step 7: Evaluate the Results- Monitor and Collect Data.- Did you meet your goals defined in step 3? If not, repeate th 8-Step Process.- Were there any unforeseen consequences?- If problem is resolved, remove activities that were added previously to contain the problem.Step 8: Continuously Improve- Look for additional opportunities to implement solution.- Ensure problem will not come back and communicate lessons learned.- If needed, repeat the 8-Step Problem Solving Process to drive further improvements. ANA has already known what is going on, the next step they should adopt is collecting more infor- mation on the problem. If the airline is hurry to the solution, it may choose 'Generate options ad- dressing the issue'. The crack on turbine blade can be welded, or the airline replaces a new blade. However, jumping to solution without knowing the root cause does not completely solve the prob- lem. The root cause is unaddressed, then it may occur in the future. Therefore, the airline should still collect information to find the root cause, then remove it.
CIPS study guide page 13-21LO 1, AC 1.1
A drawing is an example of...?
Answer(s): B
A technical specification details the standards that a product or service must meet. Drawings (often called engineering drawings or technical drawings) are complementary to technical specifications
CIPS study guide page 116-117LO 3, AC 3.1
Which of the following technology is likely to be an innovation in financial sector?
Answer(s): D
Traditional financial systems operate with a centralised database, usually with a single point of authority. Blockchain technology, on the other hand, allows for a distributed database that holds a growing number of records. Instead of existing in one place, the ledger is continually updated and synchronised across multiple computers in a network. Therefore, any participant in the network with the proper authorisation can view the entire ledger without relying on an intermediary or any one authority.Another key feature of blockchain technology is a "smart contract," which is a self-executing protocol that enforces a previously agreed arrangement. For example, a smart contract could trigger an automatic refund under certain conditions or the automatic payment of an agreed commission after a sale. These smart contracts can eliminate delays in traditional Finance processes, while increasing transparency and reducing reliance on middlemen to follow through on their commitments. Moreover, like other parts of a blockchain, smart contracts are immutable, so they can enhance accuracy in the financial statements.LO 2, AC 2.1
Which of the following are typical social considerations throughout the contract life cycle? Select the TWO that apply.
Answer(s): C,E
The following are typical social criteria in procurement:- Reducing unemployment- Preventing the use of child labour- Preventing discrimination on the grounds of race, religion, disability, sex or sexual orientation - Encouraging good employment practice- Reducing local unemployment- Reducing social exclusion- Promoting training opportunities for the young or disadvantaged - Encouraging access to work for people with disabilities
CIPS study guide page 137LO 3, AC 3.2
In Kano model, which of the following types of requirement should be excluded from the product or service?
Kano model of excitement and basic quality (Kano et al, 1984; Berger et al, 1993; Matzler et al, 1996) brings a different perspective for the analysis of improvement opportunities in products and services because it takes in consideration the asymmetrical and non-linear relationship between performance and satisfaction. The Kano model classifies customers requirements in three categories (figure 3):a) Basic Requirements (or Must-be requirement). The basic requirements fulfill the basic func-tions of a product. If they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will be extremely dissatisfied. On the other hand, if they are present or have sufficient performance, they don't bring satisfaction. Customers see them as prerequisites. For instance, for luxury automobiles, "air bags" are considered basic. A customer won't feel satisfied if the automobile has "air bag", however he/she will not buy it if "air bag" is not present.b) Performance Requirements (or One-dimensional requirements). As for these requirements, satisfaction is proportional to the performance level the higher the performance, the higher the customer's satisfaction will be and vice-versa. Gas consumption in automobiles is an example of these requirements. Usually customers explicitly demand performance requirements. c) Excitement Requirements (or Attractive requirements). These requirements are key to cus-tomer satisfaction. If they are present or have sufficient performance, they will bring superior satisfaction. On the other hand, if they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will not get dissatisfied. For instance, a surprise gift at the end of a dinner in a restaurant will certainly bring satisfaction, but it will not cause dissatisfaction if not offered. These requirements are not demanded nor expected by customers.Two other types of requirements may be identified in the Kano model: neutral and reverse ones. Neutral requirements do not bring either satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Reverse require-ments bring more satisfaction if absent than if present.
- Integrating Kano model and QFD for Designing New Products- CIPS study guide page 171-172
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