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Which two features control multicast traffic in a VLAN environment? (Choose two.)

  1. RGMP
  2. PIM snooping
  3. MLD snooping
  4. pruning
  5. IGMP snooping

Answer(s): C,E

Explanation:

the option for 'D' does not say 'vlan pruning' although I guess we are to assume that - anyway Snooping is the normal method for controlling multicast traffic - it doesn't say reduce multicast traffic


Reference:

https://www.cisco.com/assets/sol/sb/Switches_Emulators_v2_2_015/help/nk_configuring_multicast_forwarding11.html



In an OSPF network with routers connected together with Ethernet cabling, which topology typically takes the longest to converge?

  1. squared
  2. ring
  3. partial mesh
  4. triangulated
  5. full mesh

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

In an OSPF network with routers connected together with Ethernet cabling, the topology that typically takes the longest to converge is the ring topology (option B). In a ring topology, there is only one path available between any two routers, and when a link fails, the OSPF routers need to recalculate the routes, which can introduce delays in the convergence process.

The other options listed (squared, partial mesh, triangulated, full mesh) typically provide multiple paths between routers, which can help in faster convergence by allowing alternative routes to be used when a link fails.

Convergence of the ring topologies are generally slow compared to other alternatives such as partial mesh, full-mesh and diverge planes topologies.


Reference:

https://packetpushers.net/network-topologies/



An enterprise network has two core routers that connect to 200 distribution routers and uses full-mesh iBGP peering between these routers as its routing method. The distribution routers are experiencing high CPU utilization due to the BGP process. Which design solution is the most cost effective?

  1. Increase the memory on the core routers.
  2. Increase bandwidth between the core routers.
  3. Implement eBGP between the core and distribution routers.
  4. Increase the memory on the distribution routers.
  5. Implement route reflectors on the two core routers.

Answer(s): E

Explanation:

Route reflectors are a way to reduce the number of BGP sessions that need to be established between routers. This can help to reduce the CPU utilization on the distribution routers.

The other options are not as cost-effective. Option A, increasing the memory on the core routers, is not a cost-effective solution because it would require the purchase of new memory modules. Option B, increasing bandwidth between the core routers, is not a cost-effective solution because it would require the purchase of new routers or switches. Option C, implementing eBGP between the core and distribution routers, is not a cost-effective solution because it would require the configuration of all of the routers in the network. Option D, increasing the memory on the distribution routers, is not a cost-effective solution because it would require the purchase of new memory modules for all of the distribution routers.

Therefore, the most cost-effective design solution is to implement route reflectors on the two core routers.

Here are some additional reasons why the other options are not as cost-effective:

-Increasing the memory on the core routers would require the purchase of new memory modules.
-Increasing bandwidth between the core routers would require the purchase of new routers or switches.
-Implementing eBGP between the core and distribution routers would require the configuration of all of the routers in the network.
-Increasing the memory on the distribution routers would require the purchase of new memory modules for all of the distribution routers.
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Which purpose of a dynamically created tunnel interface on the design of IPv6 multicast services is true?

  1. first-hop router registration to the RP
  2. multicast source registration to the RP
  3. multicast client registration to the RP
  4. transport of all IPv6 multicast traffic

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

A dynamically created tunnel interface is a virtual interface that is created on a router when it needs to forward multicast traffic to a remote network. The tunnel interface is created dynamically because the router does not know the destination of the multicast traffic until it receives it.

The other options are not true. Option A, first-hop router registration to the RP, is not the purpose of a dynamically created tunnel interface. The first-hop router registers with the RP using unicast traffic. Option B, multicast source registration to the RP, is not the purpose of a dynamically created tunnel interface. The multicast source registers with the RP using unicast traffic. Option C, multicast client registration to the RP, is not the purpose of a dynamically created tunnel interface. The multicast client registers with the RP using unicast traffic.






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