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Free CompTIA PT0-003 Exam Braindumps (page: 24)

Page 9 of 61
PDF with 183 Questions

[Attacks and Exploits]
A penetration tester gains access to a host but does not have access to any type of shell.
Which of the following is the best way for the tester to further enumerate the host and the environment in which it resides?

  1. ProxyChains
  2. Netcat
  3. PowerShell ISE
  4. Process IDs

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

If a penetration tester gains access to a host but does not have a shell, the best tool for further enumeration is Netcat. Here's why:
Netcat:

Versatility: Netcat is known as the "Swiss Army knife" of networking tools. It can be used for port scanning, banner grabbing, and setting up reverse shells. Enumeration: Without a shell, Netcat can help enumerate open ports and services running on the host, providing insight into the host's environment.
Comparison with Other Tools:
ProxyChains: Used to chain proxies together, not directly useful for enumeration without an initial shell.
PowerShell ISE: Requires a shell to execute commands and scripts. Process IDs: Without a shell, enumerating process IDs directly isn't possible. Netcat's ability to perform multiple network-related tasks without needing a shell makes it the best choice for further enumeration.



[Information Gathering and Vulnerability Scanning]
A penetration tester has found a web application that is running on a cloud virtual machine instance. Vulnerability scans show a potential SSRF for the same application URL path with an injectable parameter.
Which of the following commands should the tester run to successfully test for secrets exposure exploitability?

  1. curl <url>?param=http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
  2. curl '<url>?param=http://127.0.0.1/etc/passwd'
  3. curl '<url>?param=<script>alert(1)<script>/'
  4. curl <url>?param=http://127.0.0.1/

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

In a cloud environment, testing for Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerabilities involves attempting to access metadata services. Here's why the specified command is appropriate:
Accessing Cloud Metadata Service:
URL: http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ is a well-known endpoint in cloud environments (e.g., AWS) to access instance metadata.
Purpose: By exploiting SSRF to access this URL, an attacker can retrieve sensitive information such as instance credentials and other metadata.
Comparison with Other Commands:
127.0.0.1/etc/passwd: This is more about local file inclusion, not specific to cloud metadata. <script>alert(1)</script>: This tests for XSS, not SSRF. 127.0.0.1: This is a generic loopback address and does not specifically test for metadata access in a cloud environment.
Using curl <url>?param=http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ is the correct approach to test for SSRF vulnerabilities in cloud environments to potentially expose secrets.



[Information Gathering and Vulnerability Scanning]
A penetration tester cannot find information on the target company's systems using common OSINT methods. The tester's attempts to do reconnaissance against internet-facing resources have been blocked by the company's WAF. Which of the following is the best way to avoid the WAF and gather information about the target company's systems?

  1. HTML scraping
  2. Code repository scanning
  3. Directory enumeration
  4. Port scanning

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

When traditional reconnaissance methods are blocked, scanning code repositories is an effective method to gather information. Here's why:
Code Repository Scanning:
Leaked Information: Code repositories (e.g., GitHub, GitLab) often contain sensitive information, including API keys, configuration files, and even credentials that developers might inadvertently commit.
Accessible: These repositories can often be accessed publicly, bypassing traditional defenses like WAFs.
Comparison with Other Methods:
HTML Scraping: Limited to the data present on web pages and can still be blocked by WAF. Directory Enumeration: Likely to be blocked by WAF as well and might not yield significant internal information.
Port Scanning: Also likely to be blocked or trigger alerts on WAF or IDS/IPS systems. Scanning code repositories allows gathering a wide range of information that can be critical for further penetration testing effort



[Information Gathering and Vulnerability Scanning]
During a penetration test, the tester uses a vulnerability scanner to collect information about any possible vulnerabilities that could be used to compromise the network. The tester receives the results and then executes the following command:

snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 192.168.1.23

Which of the following is the tester trying to do based on the command they used?

  1. Bypass defensive systems to collect more information.
  2. Use an automation tool to perform the attacks.
  3. Script exploits to gain access to the systems and host.
  4. Validate the results and remove false positives.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The command snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 192.168.1.23 is used to query SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) data from a device. Here's the purpose in the context provided:
SNMP Enumeration:
Function: snmpwalk is used to retrieve a large amount of information from the target device using SNMP.
Version: -v 2c specifies the SNMP version.
Community String: -c public specifies the community string, which is essentially a password for SNMP queries.
Purpose of the Command:
Validate Results: The tester uses SNMP to gather detailed information about the network devices to confirm the findings of the vulnerability scanner and remove any false positives. Detailed Information: SNMP can provide detailed information about device configurations, network interfaces, and other settings that can validate the scanner's results.
Comparison with Other Options:
Bypassing Defensive Systems (A): Not directly related to SNMP enumeration. Using Automation Tools (B): While SNMPwalk is automated, the primary purpose here is validation. Script Exploits (C): SNMPwalk is not used for scripting exploits but for information gathering. By using snmpwalk, the tester is validating the results from the vulnerability scanner and removing any false positives, ensuring accurate reporting.






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