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Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Question 19 (page: 73)

Updated On: 10-Feb-2026

What does an ICMP (Code 13) message normally indicates?

  1. It indicates that the destination host is unreachable
  2. It indicates to the host that the datagram which triggered the source quench message will need to be re-sent
  3. It indicates that the packet has been administratively dropped in transit
  4. It is a request to the host to cut back the rate at which it is sending traffic to the Internet destination

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

CODE 13 and type 3 is destination unreachable due to communication administratively prohibited by filtering hence maybe they meant "code 13", therefore would be C).

Note:
A - Type 3
B - Type 4
C - Type 3 Code 13
D - Typ4 4



What is the most common vehicle for social engineering attacks?

  1. Email
  2. Direct in person
  3. Local Area Networks
  4. Peer to Peer Networks

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

All social engineering techniques are based on flaws in human logic known as cognitive biases.



SYN Flood is a DOS attack in which an attacker deliberately violates the three-way handshake and opens a large number of half-open TCP connections.
The signature for SYN Flood attack is:

  1. The source and destination address having the same value.
  2. The source and destination port numbers having the same value.
  3. A large number of SYN packets appearing on a network without the corresponding reply packets.
  4. A large number of SYN packets appearing on a network with the corresponding reply packets.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

A SYN attack occurs when an attacker exploits the use of the buffer space during a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) session initialization handshake. The attacker floods the target system's small "in-process" queue with connection requests, but it does not respond when a target system replies to those requests. This causes the target system to time out while waiting for the proper response, which makes the system crash or become unusable.



Annie has just succeeded is stealing a secure cookie via a XSS attack. She is able to replay the cookie even while the session is valid on the server. Why do you think this is possible?

  1. Any Cookie can be replayed irrespective of the session status
  2. The scenario is invalid as a secure cookie can’t be replayed
  3. It works because encryption is performed at the network layer (layer 1 encryption)
  4. It works because encryption is performed at the application layer (Single Encryption Key)

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Single key encryption (conventional cryptography) uses a single word or phrase as the key. The same key is used by the sender to encrypt and the receiver to decrypt. Sender and receiver initially need to have a secure way of passing the key from one to the other. With TLS or SSL this would not be possible.



What are the differences between SSL and S-HTTP?

  1. SSL operates at the network layer and S-HTTP operates at the application layer
  2. SSL operates at the application layer and S-HTTP operates at the network layer
  3. SSL operates at the transport layer and S-HTTP operates at the application layer
  4. SSL operates at the application layer and S-HTTP operates at the transport layer

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The main difference between the protocols is the layer at which they operate. SSL operates at the transport layer and mimics the "socket library, " while S-HTTP operates at the application layer. Encryption of the transport layer allows SSL to be application-independent, while S-HTTP is limited to the specific software implementing it. The protocols adopt different philosophies towards encryption as well, with SSL encrypting the entire communications channel and S-HTTP encrypting each message independently.



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