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Sustainability and Climate Risk Questions 31–35 (page: 8)

Updated On: 9-Feb-2026

Senior management at a global manufacturer of commercial flooring explores strategies to reduce capital costs and improve company valuation, resulting in a comprehensive sustainability strategy. Management determines all future flooring products will be carbon neutral across their full product life cycle. The risk team is tasked with updating the company ERM framework in accordance with COSO guidelines to include ESG and climate-related risks. The team reviews and updates each of the ERM components.
What action should the team recommend the company take as part of the communication component of the ERM framework?

  1. Determine which transmission channel of climate risk drivers is most relevant for the company.
  2. Assess the relative importance of various climate risk and sustainability risk drivers.
  3. Build climate risk into existing legal and compliance processes.
  4. Establish processes to convey climate and sustainability risk exposure.

Answer(s): D



The board of directors of a growing asset management firm recommends the firm expand its ERM framework to incorporate climate risks. In response, the risk team references the COSO ERM framework for applying ESG-related risks to develop and propose a strategy to implement climate risk into the various ERM components.
How will the risk team modify the existing strategy component of the company’s ERM framework?

  1. Gather and use scores and physical and transition risk exposure data to conduct various analyses to determine if excess risk would exist in an unfavorable climate scenario.
  2. Evaluate the full business context on climate risk and understand how climate change affects the inputs, business activities, and outputs.
  3. Factor in climate risk impacts when reassessing risks after considerable business changes.
  4. Rank climate risks by likelihood of occurrence and severity to examine resulting outcomes and how the firm can mitigate these risks.

Answer(s): D



A pension fund climate risk analyst evaluates the company portfolio under different climate scenarios. The analyst identifies technological advancements and activities that must occur at a global scale to realize each scenario outcome.
Under a 1.5°C degree scenario, what development must occur?

  1. Massive roll out of direct air capture technology.
  2. The global levelized cost of energy for solar energy falls below USD 100 per MWh.
  3. An international cap-and-trade system reduces overall GHG emissions.
  4. Large afforestation projects lead to ecosystem restoration.

Answer(s): B



An industry association in Germany surveys members on business alignment with nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The association members express concern about potential cascading legal repercussions or penalties if governments do not conform to Paris Agreement pledges. An attorney at the association researches this issue and sends a memo to members.
The memo should state the Paris Agreement legally obliges signatories to take what action?

  1. Provide financing to help developing countries achieve NDC goals.
  2. Report on NDC progress every 5 years.
  3. Penalize industries exceeding NDC emissions thresholds.
  4. Revise NDC targets annually.

Answer(s): B



A diversified industrial company embarks on a climate transition strategy to invest in a more fuel-efficient airline fleet. To finance the investment, the CSO analyzes sustainable finance instruments and recommends instruments most suitable to issue.
Which of the following financial instruments should the CSO recommend and why?

  1. A sustainability-linked bond for the purpose of financing a company-wide transition strategy.
  2. A social bond as it offers more flexibility because there is no external review requirement.
  3. A green bond because the use of proceeds can be clearly identified and tied to a particular project.
  4. A sustainable bond so the company will benefit from favorable pricing from the terms linked to the corporate sustainability objective.

Answer(s): C



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