GitHub GitHub Advanced Security Exam Actual Questions
GitHub Advanced Security GHAS (Page 7 )

• A. Flash the BIOS: Not the first move. A BIOS update can be risky when POST is failing. It’s better to first rule out simpler causes (like RAM seating). BIOS flashing is usually done if the CPU isn’t supported by the current BIOS, which you’d check after RAM seating.

• B. Check the CMOS battery: Possible but unlikely the immediate cause. CMOS battery issues would more likely cause BIOS settings to reset or clock problems. RAM seating is a more common, direct fix after a motherboard swap.

• D. Reinstall the old motherboard: Not a troubleshooting step for the new system. The goal is to get the new motherboard to POST, not revert to old hardware.

• C. Reseat the RAM: Correct because memory seating problems are the most common cause of POST failures after a motherboard swap. Re-seating ensures proper contact in the new board’s slots.

• administrators — Full access to switch configuration and REST API functions; excessive for this requirement.
• sysadmin — Intended for highly privileged system administration, not basic monitoring.
• helpdesk — More limited and focused on troubleshooting/support functions; it does not match the stated default role and level-1 requirement as directly.

• Version control provides a single source of truth for metadata changes and tracks every modification.
• It supports branching and merging, so each feature can be developed in isolation and later merged without overwriting others.
• It allows diffs and conflict resolution, making it easier to manage dependencies across features and ensure a stable release.

• Setup Audit Trail: only logs who/change when something happened; it doesn’t prevent overwriting or manage cross-feature dependencies.
• Change Sets: used to deploy changes between orgs, not to coordinate parallel development or prevent conflicts across ongoing sprints.

• Source: on-premises SQL Server Database1
• Destination: Fabric Warehouse Warehouse1
• Connectivity: on-premises data gateway

• Dataflow Gen1: Primarily for Power Query transformations and isn’t the best Fabric-native choice for this copy operation.
• KQL queryset: Queries data; it does not orchestrate copying from SQL Server.
• Notebook: Could perform custom code-based movement, but it is unnecessary and less direct than a pipeline.

• Correct answer: D — use the same hashing algorithm as the sender's to create a numerical representation of the file.

• Integrity is verified by recomputing the hash on the received data and comparing it to the sender’s hash. This must use the same hash function; if you use a different algorithm, the digests won’t match even if the data is intact.
• The hash output is a fixed-length digest (a numerical representation). Whether you call it a “binary image” or a “numerical representation,” the key is that you generate the same type of digest with the same algorithm and compare them.

• A: same algorithm but the result is described as a binary image instead of a digest; you still compare the digest, but the phrasing is less precise.
• B/C: using a different algorithm would produce a different digest, causing false mismatch or failure to verify integrity.

• The stage has a default file format defined (e.g., when you create the stage with FILE_FORMAT = (...)), and Snowflake will use that default.

• You use a named file format attached to the stage, or you specify an inline format in the COPY command, e.g., COPY INTO my_table FROM @my_stage FILE_FORMAT = (TYPE = 'CSV');

• Use a stage default: omit FILE_FORMAT in COPY.
• Or rely on a named/inline format: specify FILE_FORMAT in COPY or set a format on the stage.

• The Balanced Scorecard translates an organization’s vision and strategy into a set of concrete objectives and metrics across four perspectives (financial, customer, internal processes, learning & growth). This framework explicitly links IT goals to business goals and provides a way to measure and monitor alignment over time.

• Enterprise architecture (EA): Great for governance, standards, and roadmaps to ensure IT assets support business needs, but it’s more about structure and alignment at design time rather than directly measuring ongoing alignment of goals.
• KPIs: Useful metrics, but they don’t by themselves provide a full framework to ensure IT goals are aligned with organizational strategy.
• Enterprise dashboard: A visualization tool for metrics; it helps report status but doesn’t inherently establish or assess alignment.

• The options:

• Users retain their existing usernames and passwords.
• Existing accounts can be used to access Azure-based resources.
• Administrators avoid manually recreating thousands of accounts.
• The transition is less disruptive before the on-premises data center is retired.

• Answer: No.

• Why: Microsoft Managed Desktop (MD) is a managed service for end-user desktops (Windows devices used by people), not a service for provisioning, managing, or lifecycle-managing large fleets of virtual machines. It won’t help automate weekly creation and deletion of many VMs, especially with mixed OS (Windows and Linux).

• Relevant concept: To reduce administrative effort for rapidly provisioning and tearing down VMs, an Azure service like Azure DevTest Labs is appropriate. DevTest Labs lets you:

• Takeaway: The proposed solution (MD) does not meet the goal; the correct approach is to use a lab-oriented service such as Azure DevTest Labs for frequent, ephemeral VM deployments.

• The correct setting to configure is the Enrollment Status Page (ESP) profile.
• Why: ESP tracks the enrollment progress and logs during Autopilot provisioning. You can enable log collection within the ESP policy so that, if ESP times out, the user can collect and share the logs with support.
• Optional enhancement: In the ESP policy (or the Autopilot diagnostics settings), you can enable:

• Automatic enrollment settings: control how devices auto-enroll, not log collection.
• Windows Autopilot deployment profile: controls deployment steps but not ESP log collection.
• Device configuration profile: applies settings but doesn’t provide ESP log collection mechanics.

• Use a field on Account to show the aggregated yearly shipments (a Roll-Up Summary).
• A Master-Detail relationship between Shipment and Account is required for Roll-Up Summary to work (and to ensure access is governed by the parent Account).
• OWD and the relationship type determine what users can see. If you want to restrict shipment-level access while still showing a summary on Account, Private OWD on Shipment plus Master-Detail helps, because access to shipments is controlled by the Account record.

• A (Public OWD on Shipment with Process Builder and a Lookup to Account): Not ideal. Public access would expose shipments broadly, and a lookup cannot support a built-in roll-up summary.
• B (Private OWD on Shipment, Roll-Up Summary, Master-Detail to Account): Best answer. Private shipments, but because of Master-Detail, access and the roll-up are tied to the Account. The Account can show the yearly total via a Roll-Up Summary field.
• C (Controlled by Parent on Shipment, Trigger, Master-Detail): Master-Detail is correct, but using a trigger is unnecessary for a straightforward roll-up; roll-ups are the standard, maintainable solution.
• D (Private OWD on Shipment, Trigger, Lookup to Account): More complex and not as efficient; no automatic roll-up, and lookup breaks the ease of summarizing by Account.

• Answer: D

• The strongest security comes from enforcing access at the storage layer. An IAM policy scoped to the Cognito identity prefix restricts each user to their own S3 prefix (folder), so users can only access their own files regardless of client or server code.
• This per-user isolation reduces risk of cross-user data access and is more robust than UI validation or Lambda/API validation alone.
• Implementation note: attach a policy to the Cognito identity role that allows actions on arn:aws:s3:::your-bucket/${cognito-identity.amazonaws.com:sub}/* (per-user prefix). Ensure TLS in transit and enable at-rest encryption (SSE-S3 or SSE-KMS). Use multipart upload for large files up to 300 MB.

cmd 
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File C:\Scripts\Configure-VM.ps1

• GPO logon script: Runs only when a user logs on, so configuration may be delayed and is user-dependent.
• GPO startup script: Can work, but requires the VMs to be domain-joined and introduces GPO dependency. It is not specifically tied to Windows deployment.
• Place scripts in a VHD: Merely makes the files available; it does not execute them.

• Correct answer: B) Context window.

• Why: The context window is the number of tokens the foundation model can process in a single inference. It sets the maximum length of the combined input (prompt) and the model’s output. A larger context window allows more content to be included in one prompt.

• How to use: Check the FM’s context window value and ensure your prompt length plus the desired completion stays within that limit. If needed, summarize or split input across multiple prompts.

• Why the other options aren’t correct:

• Quick tip: Verify the specific FM’s context window for Bedrock, since different models have different token limits.

• Permanent table (E): Correct. A dropped permanent table can be restored with UNDROP TABLE during its Time Travel retention period. Permanent tables also have Fail-safe protection.
• Transient table: It can also generally be restored during its shorter Time Travel period, although it has no Fail-safe. Therefore, excluding it makes the question questionable.
• Temporary table: Usually cannot be recovered after it is dropped; its lifecycle is limited to the session.
• Materialized view (D): The answer key treats it as recoverable, but recovery behavior depends on the specific Snowflake object/version capabilities. It should not be confused with an ordinary view.

• What it says: you can add a cost when you adjust inventory, and that cost is posted automatically to a specific GL account.
• Reality: yes, you can adjust both quantity and value via an inventory adjustment journal. The cost on the journal line affects the inventory value.

• The general ledger postings are not arbitrary. the actual accounts used are determined by your item posting group and the system’s posting definitions. In practice, the adjustment debits/credits the appropriate inventory-related accounts (e.g., Inventory asset and a related offset such as an adjustment or COGS account) based on configuration.
• So, the cost change does not go to a single “manual” GL account you pick per line unless your posting setup maps to that account.

• The concept is true (you can adjust cost and have GL impact), but the claim that it posts to a single, specific GL account is oversimplified—the accounts come from your posting configuration.

• Amazon S3 — Object storage, not a database.
• Amazon DynamoDB — Fully managed NoSQL key-value and document database.
• Amazon Redshift — Managed data warehouse designed for analytics, not primarily transactional MySQL workloads.

• Basic: billing/subscription support only; no technical support requests can be opened.
• Developer, Standard, Professional Direct, and Premier: include technical support and allow opening new support requests.

• If option A corresponds to “Developer, Standard, Professional Direct, Premier,” that is the correct choice.
• If the option text is really “Premier only,” that would be incorrect per current Azure docs.

• Answer: D. Select an IdP

• Why: To reduce the number of credentials across multiple SaaS apps, implement a single sign-on approach via an Identity Provider. The first step is choosing the IdP; once selected, you can enable SAML (A) or OAuth as supported by apps. Password vaulting (C) is not a true SSO solution, and B is not the foundational step.

• Context: You’re configuring a Windows Autopilot deployment profile (Profile1) for Windows 11 devices. The hotspot asks you to pick the correct behavior for two statements based on the profile’s settings.

• Box 1: “can modify the desktop settings only for themselves”

• Box 2: “Cortana settings” with options like computer name, keyboard layout, etc.

• The Accrue liability on product receipt flag controls whether a liability is accrued and posted at the time of receiving the item.
• If this checkbox is unchecked, receipts won’t create postings to the Product receipt journal. Enabling it ensures the system posts inventory value and the vendor liability when the item is received.

• Go to the Item model group setup form.
• Enable (check) Accrue liability on product receipt.
• Save.

• The other option, Include physical value, affects how physical value is handled but is not the direct cause of postings to the product receipt journal. If issues persist after enabling accrual, you may need to verify related posting definitions or journal setup.

• Answer: A — EC2 Image Builder

• Why: EC2 Image Builder is AWS’s fully managed service designed to automate the creation, testing, and ongoing management of custom EC2 AMIs. It lets you build image pipelines that start from a base image, apply software/components, run tests, and publish/distribute the resulting AMIs across regions or accounts.

• How it works (high level):

• Why not the other options:

• Quick tip: Use EC2 Image Builder to reduce manual image maintenance and drift, and to enforce consistent, tested base images across environments.

• Correct answer: A) Hashing

• Why: Hashing produces a fixed-size digest of the software. If the final build is altered in any way, the hash will change, enabling you to detect tampering by comparing the stored digest with a freshly computed one.

• Why not the others:

1. Define Power Platform DLP policies
2. Add custom prompt modifications
3. Conduct adversarial testing

1. DLP policies first

1. Prompt modifications second

1. Adversarial testing last

• The user needs the chosen occasion to remain available as they navigate through the current shopping experience. Session scope stores data for the duration of the user’s session.
• Request scope data is cleared with each HTTP request; Page scope only lasts for rendering a single page; Content slots are for page/content presentation, not user data.
• Since you don’t want to persist the selection in system/custom objects, session scope is the right level: it preserves state across pages during the same session but isn’t stored long-term.

• ProductSearchModel.getProductSearchHits() — option C
• ProductSearchHit.getRepresentedProducts() — option B

• ProductMgr.queryAllSiteProducts() (A) queries every product in the site, which is heavy and not scalable for large catalogs.
• Category.getProducts() (D) retrieves all products in a category; this can be slow for large categories.
• Using the search model and hits (B and C) leverages the search index, supports paging, and avoids scanning the entire catalog, making it more scalable.

• runParallel is defined as async, so it returns a Promise.
• To use the result, you attach a then handler (or use await inside another async function).

• A: “Async runParallel() .then(data);” is invalid. “async” is a keyword for function declarations, not something you put in front of a call, and you’d need a function as the then-argument.
• B: “runParallel().done(function(data){return data;});” .done is not standard in native Promises (it exists in some libraries). Without a compatible library, this won’t work.
• C: “runParallel().then(data);” is invalid because then expects a function as its argument; data is not a function.
• D: “runParallel().then(function(data){ return data; });” is valid (or equivalently, runParallel().then(data => data);).

• The robust, standard option is D.
• B could work only with a library that provides .done; otherwise it’s not reliable.

• SageMaker endpoint: Not required because the model is being used through Amazon Bedrock.
• SageMaker Model Registry: Used for managing SageMaker models, not for making a Bedrock custom model available.
• Grant access in Amazon Bedrock: IAM permissions may still be needed, but granting access alone does not provide the required inference capacity.

• Why: Crisis management relies on established, repeatable procedures for responding to an incident (activation of the crisis team, escalation paths, communications, containment actions). This ensures a coordinated, timely, and auditable response.

• Why not the others:

• Import mode loads the data into the Power BI model. Visuals query the in-memory model, which generally provides faster calculation and rendering than DirectQuery.
• Import mode also minimizes online processing because report interactions do not send queries back to the dataflow or SQL Server.
• A daily refresh can load data through the previous day, satisfying the freshness requirement without unnecessary hourly processing.

• DirectQuery keeps querying the data source or dataflow during report use, increasing online processing and potentially slowing visuals.
• Adding a gateway enables connectivity for on-premises sources, but it does not remove the performance disadvantages of DirectQuery.
• An hourly Power Automate refresh is unnecessary when the requirement is only data through the previous day and creates additional processing overhead.

• Shadow IT describes employees using unsanctioned tools or methods to access systems, often without IT oversight (e.g., bypassing the VPN).
• Not A (Espionage): this implies external covert actors; here the activity is internal.
• Not B (Data exfiltration): there’s no explicit data transfer shown, just bypassing the VPN.
• Not C (Nation-state attack): this involves external political/strategic actors; not the internal behavior described.

• Implement policy and training to enforce approved tools.
• Use IAM, VPN enforcement, and network access controls to ensure only sanctioned access.
• Monitor for unsanctioned tools and provide secure, approved alternatives.

• Correct answer: D.

• Why: In a service offering, a service action is the activity performed by the service provider to deliver or support the service. A service desk agent provides support to a user is the actual action.

• Why the others aren’t service actions:

• Correct answer: A. System characterization

• Why the other options are not correct:

• What the scenario asks: You have a Power BI semantic model that pulls from multiple sources (Azure SQL Database and SharePoint Online), must support a single dataset for three reports, keep data current (daily refresh by 7 AM PT), and apply RLS to limit sales data by region. You need to choose a storage mode for the tables.

• Correct choice: Dual storage mode.

• Why Dual fits:

• Key concepts:

• A) You can only apply a single template BOM to a service object.

• C) You can modify or delete lines in a BOM template regardless of whether the template has been associated to a service object, or not.

• B) You can apply many template BOMs to a service object — false; typically only one template per service object.
• D) You can modify/delete lines only if not associated — false; you can modify templates even after association (per C).

• A (training data, hyperparameters, stakeholder feedback) focuses on training provenance; these details are important but are typically part of pre-deployment/training records, not the primary post-deployment documentation.
• B (encountered issues, monitoring process, risks) relates to governance and monitoring rather than the core documentation you’d publish about the deployed model itself.
• C (licensing information, the team, business goals) covers governance context but not the technical traceability and performance-based record needed for ongoing maintenance.

• Correct answer: UBA (A)

• Why: UBA (User Behavior Analytics) analyzes user activity, builds baselines of normal access patterns, and flags deviations (e.g., accessing sensitive projects not related to the user’s role). This insider-threat detection is exactly what the scenario requires.

• Why not the others:

• Answer: False. Agents and managers CAN create knowledge articles from Community questions.

• Why: In ServiceNow, a Community question can be converted into a Knowledge article using the Create Knowledge (or Convert to Knowledge) action. This allows what customers asked to become a reusable article for others.

• How it works (high level):

• Permissions: This ability depends on having the right roles/permissions (e.g., agents or knowledge managers). If you don’t see the option, check your role assignments or the knowledge-management configuration.

• Quick take: If a question in Community is valuable for others, a trained agent can turn it into a Knowledge article, making it available for self-service.

• Pay-as-you-go in Azure is an operating expense (OPEX) model, not an “elastic” expenditure model.
• Elastic or scalable terms describe capacity planning, not the cost category. The cost should be treated as OPEX since you pay for usage each month.
• The parallel question (Question 12) shows the correct approach is using an operational expenditure model.

• If the account name includes the parsed search string, show the element; otherwise hide it.
• In CSS, to show an element you can set display to a visible value (commonly 'block' for block-level elements), and to hide you set display to 'none'.

• The ternary should map true to a visible display value and false to 'none'.
• Therefore the placeholder should be replaced with 'block' : 'none' (so the code becomes: accountName.includes(parsedSearchString) ? 'block' : 'none').

• There are several typos in the snippet (e.g., quesrySelectorAll, toLOwerCase, Style.display). In a working version you’d also fix those to document.querySelectorAll, account.innerHTML.toLowerCase(), and account.style.display.

• Ablauf: Er wird in der gleichen Transaktion ausgeführt, bei der z. B. ein Datensatz erstellt oder aktualisiert wird. Der Benutzer wartet, bis der Workflow abgeschlossen ist.
• Stufen: Kann vor dem Vorgang (pre-operation) oder nach dem Vorgang (post-operation) laufen.
• Zweck: Sofortige Validierung oder Anpassung von Daten, ggf. auch das Verhindern eines Vorgangs, wenn Bedingungen nicht erfüllt sind.

• Automatisierte Flows (Power Automate, automatisierte/ Background Flows) laufen asynchron im Hintergrund, nachdem der Trigger erkannt wurde, und blockieren den Benutzer nicht.

Why B works

• AWS KMS keys are Regional resources. A normal customer managed key in Region A cannot be used directly in Region B.
• A customer managed multi-Region KMS key (MRK) has related key replicas in both Regions. The replicas share key material and key ID, although each has a Regional ARN.
• With client-side encryption, the application encrypts the data before storing it in S3. Cross-Region replication then copies already-encrypted objects, so S3 does not need to decrypt and re-encrypt them with a different Regional key.

Why the other choices are weaker

• A and C: SSE-S3 uses Amazon-managed S3 keys, not the required customer managed KMS key.
• D: SSE-KMS can work only if the solution creates and configures the appropriate KMS key or multi-Region key replica in each Region. As written, it says to create a customer managed KMS key in each Region, which implies separate keys—not the same KMS key. Replication also requires additional KMS permissions and destination encryption configuration.

• Correct answer: B — From the code repository, modify Startup.cs (in ASP.NET Core you configure the Application Insights SDK in code, not with ApplicationInsights.config).

• Why the other options aren’t correct:

• How to implement fixed-rate sampling (ASP.NET Core):

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args); 


    builder.Services.Configure<TelemetryConfiguration>(telemetryConfiguration => 
    { 
        var builder = telemetryConfiguration.DefaultTelemetrySink.TelemetryProcessorChainBuilder; 
        double fixedSamplingPercentage = 10; // 10% sampling 
        builder.UseSampling(fixedSamplingPercentage); 
    }); 


    builder.Services.AddApplicationInsightsTelemetry(new ApplicationInsightsServiceOptions 
    { 
        EnableAdaptiveSampling = false 
    }); 


    var app = builder.Build();

• B: Intégrez des résultats de due diligence tels que les évaluations de risque client.

• C: Utilisez des correspondants en aval pour enquêter et signaler les activités suspectes.

• Correct answer: B — A reservation for the server based on the MAC address.

• Why this is the best choice:

• Why the other options are less suitable:

• Quick takeaway: Use a DHCP reservation to give the file server a fixed IP while still benefiting from centralized DHCP management.

• Risk transfer means shifting the financial impact of a threat from the organization to another party (the insurer). Buying cyber insurance accomplishes this shift.
• It is not Accept: acceptance of risk would be tolerating it without action.
• It is not Mitigate: mitigation involves reducing likelihood or impact with controls, not shifting costs.
• It is not Avoid: avoidance would be not engaging in the activity that creates the risk; insurance does not remove the risk itself.

• Correct answer: D) Microservices using API

• Why:

• Correct answer: C) Jailbreaking

• Why the others are not correct:

• Most recent update: orders results by the date the article was last updated (newest first).
• Relevancy: orders results by how closely articles match your search terms.
• Number of views: orders results by how often an article has been viewed (popularity).

• Popularity is not a standard separate sort option in Knowledge Base (the related concept is typically covered by “Number of views”).
• Manager assignment has no bearing on how Knowledge Base results are ranked.