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Free H12-821_V1.0 Exam Braindumps (page: 11)

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PDF with 219 Questions

In an IPv4 address space, Class D addresses are used for multicast. Among Class D addresses, which of the following is the permanent group address range reserved for routing protocols?

  1. 232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255
  2. 239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
  3. 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255
  4. 224.0.1.0 to 231.255.255.255

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Permanent Group Addresses for Routing Protocols

The range 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 is reserved for local network protocols, including routing protocols. Examples include OSPF (224.0.0.5/6) and RIP (224.0.0.9).

HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference

Reserved multicast address ranges are detailed in the multicast configuration sections.



Based on IGMP snooping, IGMP snooping proxy enables a switch to act as a substitute for an upstream Layer 3 device to send IGMP Query messages to downstream hosts, and also to act as a substitute for downstream hosts to send IGMP Report/Leave messages to an upstream device. As such, this function conserves bandwidth between the upstream device and the local device.

  1. TRUE
  2. FALSE

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

GMP Snooping Proxy

IGMP snooping proxy allows the switch to substitute for upstream Layer 3 devices and downstream hosts, reducing unnecessary bandwidth consumption by consolidating IGMP messages.

HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference

The IGMP snooping proxy functionality is described in multicast optimization and IGMP configuration chapters



In a PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) network, which type of routing entries are used to set up multicast forwarding and are applicable to both PIM-DM and PIM-SM networks?

  1. (S, G)
  2. (P, G)
  3. (T, G)
  4. (S, P, T)

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

In Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM), there are two types of routing entries used for multicast forwarding:

(S, G) entries: Represent the Shortest Path Tree (SPT) from a specific source (S) to a specific multicast group (G). These entries are used in both PIM-Dense Mode (PIM-DM) and PIM-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) to establish multicast forwarding paths.

(S, P, T) entries: Used in PIM networks to support the multicast routing mechanism and ensure efficient delivery of multicast packets.

In PIM-DM, multicast traffic is initially flooded and then pruned. (S, G) entries are created after the flooding stage.
In PIM-SM, multicast traffic flows through a shared tree first, but switches to (S, G) entries when the shortest path is established.

These concepts are covered in HCIP-Datacom-Core multicast and PIM configuration chapters.



DRAG DROP (Drag and Drop is not supported)

Match the following IPv4 multicast protocols with the corresponding functions.

  1. Refer to Explanation for the Answer

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

IGMP: Manages IPv4 multicast group members and runs on the multicast network's last segment (that is, the network segment where a Layer 3 network device is connected to user hosts).

PIM: Sends multicast data over the network to the multicast device that is connected to group members that have requested the multicast data, implementing multicast data forwarding based on routes.

IGMP Snooping: Manages and controls the forwarding of multicast data packets to effectively suppress the flooding of multicast data packets on the Layer 2 network.

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol):

IGMP is used by hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish and maintain multicast group memberships on a local subnet.

It allows a host to inform a multicast router of its desire to receive multicast traffic for a specific group.

It operates at Layer 3 and runs on the last segment of the network.


Reference:

HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (Multicast Fundamentals).

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast):

PIM is a routing protocol designed for efficient routing of IP multicast traffic. It determines the paths over which multicast packets should be forwarded.

PIM is "protocol-independent" because it uses the underlying unicast routing table for RPF (Reverse Path Forwarding) checks.

It is responsible for distributing multicast data throughout the network.


HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (Multicast Routing Protocols).

IGMP Snooping:

IGMP Snooping operates at Layer 2 and monitors IGMP traffic between hosts and routers.

It prevents multicast flooding by allowing a switch to forward multicast packets only to the ports that have joined specific multicast groups.

This significantly enhances efficiency in Layer 2 networks with multicast traffic.


HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (IGMP Snooping Concepts).






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