On the OSPF network shown in the figure, R1, R2, and R3 run OSPF, and R1 advertises four VPN routes to OSPF. A filter-policy needs to achieve the following goal: R1's and R3's routing tables contain the routes to 192.168.3.0/24, but R2's routing table does not. Which of the following filter-policies cannot meet this requirement? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): B,D
A filter-policy on R1 for filtering the routes to be imported: This option will not meet the requirement.Filtering imported routes on R1 would not prevent R2 from receiving routes that are advertised. The filter needs to be applied in a way that stops R2 from receiving specific routes, not just limiting what R1 imports.A filter-policy on R2 for filtering received routes: This also won't meet the requirement. While R2 might not receive certain routes from R1, the key issue is ensuring R1 advertises the routes correctly. Filtering received routes on R2 does not prevent R1 from sending the routes in the first place.
FILL BLANKAn IP prefix list is configured on a router using the following command: ip ip-prefix huawei index 10 permit10.1.1.0 24 greater-equal 26. In this case, the value of greater-equal-value is ______, and the value of less- equal-value is ________. (Enter only digits.)
Answer(s): A
The greater-equal-value is 26, as specified in the configuration.The less-equal-value is 32 because the subnet mask can range from /26 to /32 in this case, which defines the acceptable prefix lengths.
An edge port is a new port role added to RSTP to overcome the disadvantages of STP. Which of the following statements is false about this port role?
After receiving a configuration BPDU, the port is still in the Forwarding state is false. An edge port in RSTP can enter the Forwarding state directly from the Discarding state, but if it receives a configuration BPDU, it would not remain in the Forwarding state. The edge port would transition to a state where it can participate in the RSTP process, potentially leading to a state change, depending on the network topology.
On an RSTP network, port priorities may be compared during root port or designated port election. Which of the following values is the default priority of a port on a Huawei switch?
Answer(s): B
128 is the default priority value of a port on a Huawei switch in an RSTP network. This priority is used during the root port or designated port election process to help determine the best path for traffic.
On an RSTP network, several new protection functions are added, such as root protection, loop protection, and TC BPDU attack defense. Which of the following statements are true about the new protection functions of RSTP? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): A,B,D
When a designated port enabled with root protection receives RST BPDUs with a higher priority, the port cannot forward packets for a period of time. This is true. Root protection ensures that the designated port does not become the root port if the received BPDU has a higher priority, and the port will be temporarily prevented from forwarding traffic.After loop protection is enabled, if the root port does not receive BPDUs from the upstream device for a long time, the root port becomes a designated port. This is also true. Loop protection detects network loops and if the root port stops receiving BPDUs from the upstream device, it can be re-evaluated and switched to the designated port role.If BPDU protection is enabled on a device, the attributes of edge ports are affected. This is true. BPDU protection disables the edge port role if BPDUs are received on that port, ensuring no loops or topology changes occur at edge ports.
Both the CIST and MSTI are calculated based on priority vectors, which are contained in MST BPDUs. Among the priority vectors that participate in MSTI calculation, which one has the highest priority?
Answer(s): D
Regional root ID has the highest priority among the priority vectors that participate in MSTI calculation. The regional root ID is used to determine the best root for a given region in MST (Multiple Spanning Tree) and is a critical factor in calculating the CIST and MSTI. It helps to ensure loop-free topology by maintaining a consistent root in the MST region.
Based on IGMP snooping, IGMP snooping proxy enables a switch to act as a substitute for an upstream Layer 3 device to send IGMP Query messages to downstream hosts, and also to act as a substitute for downstream hosts to send IGMP Report/Leave messages to an upstream device. As such, this function conserves bandwidth between the upstream device and the local device.
IGMP snooping proxy allows a switch to substitute for an upstream Layer 3 device by sending IGMP Query messages to downstream hosts and also acting on behalf of the downstream hosts to send IGMP Report/Leave messages to the upstream device. This function helps reduce unnecessary bandwidth usage between the upstream device and the local device, improving network efficiency.
DRAG DROP (Drag and Drop is not supported)Match the ranges and meanings of the following IPv4 multicast addresses.Select and Place:
224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 - Default SSM (Source-Specific Multicast) group addresses, which are valid across the entire network.224.0.1.0 to 231.255.255.255 - IP addresses reserved by the IANA for routing protocols. They identify a group of network devices and are used for scenarios such as routing and topology lookup, but not for multicast forwarding.232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255 - ASM (Any-Source Multicast) group addresses, which are valid across the entire network.239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 - Local administrative group addresses, which are valid only in the local administrative domain.
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