ASBRs cannot exist in an OSPF stub area.
Answer(s): A
ASBRs (Autonomous System Boundary Routers) cannot exist in an OSPF stub area. A stub area is designed to limit the number of external routes, and since ASBRs are responsible for importing external routes into OSPF, their presence in a stub area would violate the area's design. OSPF stub areas only allow summary routes and default routes, not external routes.
OSPF has five types of packets, which have the same header format. If the Auth Type field in the packet header is 1, which of the following authentication modes is used?
Plaintext authentication is used when the Auth Type field in the OSPF packet header is set to 1. This means that no encryption or hashing is applied, and the password is sent in plaintext within the OSPF packet.
Which of the following fields in DD packets is used for implicit acknowledgment to ensure the reliability and integrity of DD packet transmission on an OSPF network?
DD sequence number is used for implicit acknowledgment in OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) to ensure the reliability and integrity of DD (Database Description) packet transmission. The DD sequence number helps track the order of DD packets, and ensures that they are received correctly and acknowledged.
On an MA network, OSPF reduces the number of adjacencies by electing a DR or BDR. Which of the following statements are true about DR or BDR election? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): A,B,D
If the DR priorities of interfaces are the same, router IDs are compared. A smaller value indicates a higher priority.When the DR (Designated Router) priorities are the same, OSPF uses the router ID to break the tie. The router with the smallest router ID will become the DR.If the DR priorities of the interfaces that directly connect two routers are both set to 0, the two routers cannot establish an adjacency.If both routers have a DR priority of 0, they will not participate in the DR/BDR election and will form a non-DR adjacency, effectively preventing the establishment of the usual DR/BDR relationship.DR or BDR election is based on interfaces. A larger DR priority value of an interface indicates a higher priority.The DR priority is configured per interface, and a larger DR priority value indicates a higher priority for that interface in the DR/BDR election.
OSPF has multiple network types. Which of the following network types must be manually specified by a network engineer?
NBMA (Non-Broadcast Multi-Access) must be manually specified by a network engineer. In OSPF, NBMA networks do not support broadcast or multicast, and therefore, the network type needs to be explicitly configured to handle the lack of automatic neighbor discovery.
A router ID uniquely identifies a router that runs OSPF in an AS and is selected based on certain rules. In which of the following scenarios may a router ID re-election be triggered? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): A,C,D
The IP address used as the original system router ID is deleted, and the OSPF process is restarted.This will trigger a router ID re-election. If the IP address used as the router ID is deleted and the OSPF process is restarted, a new router ID will need to be chosen.A new system router ID is configured, and the OSPF process is restarted.This will also trigger a router ID re-election. If a new router ID is manually configured, a restart of the OSPF process will cause the router to use the new ID.An OSPF router ID is manually changed, and the OSPF process is restarted.This will also trigger a re-election of the router ID. If the router ID is manually changed, a restart of the OSPF process ensures that the new ID is used.
On an OSPF network, if the network type is NBMA, a router unicasts all protocol packets; if the network type is broadcast, a router multicasts all protocol packets.
In OSPF, when the network type is NBMA (Non-Broadcast Multi-Access), routers unicast all protocol packets because NBMA networks do not support broadcast or multicast. In contrast, when the network type is broadcast, OSPF routers multicast protocol packets to communicate with each other, as broadcast networks support multicast communication.
OSPF networks are classified into four types of networks by link layer protocol. In which of the following networks are all protocol packets multicast?
Answer(s): C
Broadcast: In a broadcast network (such as Ethernet), all OSPF protocol packets are multicast. OSPF routers use multicast addresses to send their protocol packets to other routers on the network.
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