PBR is a mechanism for selecting routes based on user-defined policies. There are two types of PBR:interface-based PBR and local PBR. Which of the following statements is false about these two types of PBR?
Answer(s): A
Local PBR is configured in the protocol view.Local PBR is not configured in the protocol view; it is typically configured in the PBR view. Local PBR applies to locally generated traffic, while interface-based PBR is configured at the interface level and applies to forwarded traffic.
Which of the following statements is false about PBR and route-policy?
Answer(s): B
The nodes in PBR (Policy-Based Routing) and route-policy are typically processed in the order in which they are defined (top to bottom), not in descending order of ID.
A route-policy can contain multiple nodes, each of which can be configured with multiple if-match and apply clauses. The apply clauses of a node are executed only when a route matches all the if-match clauses of the node.
In a route-policy, each node can have multiple if-match and apply clauses. The apply clauses are executed only when a route matches all the if-match clauses in the node. If the route satisfies the conditions in the if- match clauses, the corresponding actions in the apply clauses will be applied.
FILL BLANKDuring the initial formation of a spanning tree in STP, all STP switches consider themselves as the root bridge. Therefore, by default, they generate and send configuration BPDUs periodically (every_____ seconds). (Enter only digits.)
During the initial formation of a spanning tree in STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), all switches consider themselves as the root bridge. They then generate and send configuration BPDUs periodically by default every 2 seconds to exchange information and eventually elect the root bridge.
On the RSTP network shown in the figure, a link is added between SW1 (root bridge) and SW2. After SW2 receives an RST BPDU with the Proposal bit set to 1 from SW1, SW2 sets all of its ports to the synchronization state. Which of the following statements are true about the synchronization state of ports with different roles? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): A,C
The edge port enters the Discarding state.In RSTP, an edge port (a port directly connected to a non-bridge device) enters the Discarding state during synchronization. Edge ports are typically quickly transitioned to the forwarding state, but during the synchronization process, they are in the Discarding state to prevent forwarding during the BPDU exchange.The alternate port enters the Discarding state.An alternate port is a backup port for the root port, and it enters the Discarding state during the synchronization process. It remains in this state while the root port is being selected.
IGMP has three versions. Which of the following messages exist in all three IGMP versions? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): A,D
General Query message: This message exists in all three versions of IGMP (v1, v2, and v3). It is used by the router to query all devices in the multicast group for their membership status.Report message: This message also exists in all three versions of IGMP. It is used by hosts to report their multicast group membership to the router.
Which of the following statements are true about the IPv6 address format? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): A,B,D
The leading zeros in each group can be omitted.In IPv6, leading zeros in each group of four hexadecimal digits can be omitted for simplicity. For example, 00A1 can be written as A1.Only one double colon (::) can be used in an IPv6 address.The double colon (::) is used to represent consecutive groups of zeroes in an IPv6 address. However, only one double colon is allowed in an address, as using more than one would create ambiguity about how many groups of zeros should be represented.Three or more consecutive groups whose values are all zeros in an address can be replaced by a double colon (::).Consecutive groups of zeroes can be replaced by a double colon (::), but only one occurrence of the double colon is allowed. This can represent multiple groups of zeros, such as :: for all-zero groups.
When an SSH client accesses an SSH server for the first time and the SSH server's public key is not configured on the SSH client, you can enable first-time authentication on the SSH client. This allows the SSH client to access the SSH server and saves the SSH server's public key on the SSH client. In this way, the next time the SSH client accesses the SSH server, the SSH client can use the saved public key to authenticate the SSH server.
When an SSH client accesses an SSH server for the first time, and the server's public key is not yet saved on the client, enabling first-time authentication allows the client to access the server. During this process, the server's public key is saved on the client. On subsequent connections, the client uses the saved public key to authenticate the server and ensure the server's identity, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks.
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