IIA IIA-CIA-Part3 Exam Prep
Certified Internal Auditor - Part 3, Business Analysis and Information Technology (Page 163 )

• Information sources: Collect security-related data, such as network packets, system logs, audit records, or application events.
• Analysis: Examines the collected data to identify suspicious activity, attacks, or policy violations.
• Response: Takes or recommends action, such as generating alerts, logging the event, or supporting a protective response.

• B — The most significant risks are held by SQ.

• C — SQ should recognise the cars as inventory.

• F — SQ recognises revenue when LM sells a car to a third party.

• A: LM does not hold the most significant risks.
• D: LM does not recognise the cars as inventory.
• E: SQ should not recognise revenue when cars are merely delivered to LM.

• Injection
• Broken access control
• Authentication failures
• Security misconfiguration
• Cross-site scripting

• STIX: A standardized language and format for exchanging threat intelligence.
• OVAL: Used to describe and assess system vulnerabilities and configuration issues.
• Threat intelligence feed: Provides current indicators and intelligence about threats, but not necessarily a structured overview of common application exploitation methods.
• CVE: A catalog of individually identified, publicly disclosed vulnerabilities.

• COE: Identifies the Center of Excellence, such as Payroll or Benefits.
• Topic Detail: Classifies the HR service within its COE; it does not identify the catalog item.
• Template: Supplies default values or case configuration.
• Record Producer: Represents the catalog item that employees use to submit the request and create the case.

• Three DHCP scopes: Each VLAN has its own IPv4 subnet. DHCP scopes are subnet-specific, so create one scope for:

• Two DHCP relays: DHCP client discovery begins as a broadcast, and broadcasts do not cross routers or VLAN boundaries. Therefore, configure a DHCP relay on the router or Layer 3 switch interface for each client VLAN.

• B. Conditional access policies

• D. Additional authentication factors

• Disciplinary actions: Punish users but do not prevent credential-based attacks.
• More regular account audits: Useful for finding inactive or excessive accounts, but less direct for stopping unauthorized logins.
• Content filtering: Primarily controls web or email content, not authentication.
• Review of permissions: Reduces privilege but may not stop unauthorized account access.

• Start the print spooler service: The Print Spooler manages print jobs and allows Windows to communicate with printers. Starting it restores printing immediately.
• Set the Print Spooler to Automatic: This makes Windows start the service during each boot, preventing the user from needing help every morning.

• No dependencies: Dependencies help determine which services start first; changing this does not solve the recurring issue.
• Recovery: Take no action: This would prevent Windows from responding appropriately if the service fails.
• Printer extensions and notifications: Not required for basic printing.
• Log on as the user: The spooler normally runs under a system service account; using the user’s account is unnecessary and potentially less secure.

• B. Versioned configuration files — Infrastructure is defined in machine-readable files and tracked in version control, allowing repeatable provisioning and change history.
• D. Docker files — Assuming “Doctor files” is a typo for Dockerfiles, a Dockerfile declaratively defines how to build a container image and is commonly considered infrastructure/configuration as code.

• A. Cloned virtual machine images — These are prebuilt infrastructure artifacts, but cloning an image is not itself a code-based infrastructure definition.
• C. Change management database records — A CMDB records information about infrastructure; it does not define or provision that infrastructure.

• The load balancer provides the listener’s frontend IP address.
• The active SQL Server node must also respond to that same listener IP.
• Enabling Floating IP allows the listener IP to be preserved and handled correctly by the active replica.
• Without it, SQL connections may be sent to a node that cannot correctly claim the listener address.

• A health probe for the SQL Server port
• A load-balancing rule using the listener port
• Floating IP enabled on that rule

• On VirtualNetworkA: enable Allow gateway transit.
• On VirtualNetworkB: enable Use remote gateways.

• A class/teacher fact should contain one row per Class ID. It can support the count of classes and contain attributes such as Teacher First Name and Period Number.
• An attendance fact should contain one row per attendance event, such as Class ID + student + date. It supports attendance counts by day and monthly averages.

• Teacher First Name ? Teacher fact
• Period Number ? Attendance fact

• Vulnerability scanner: Identifies technical weaknesses in systems, applications, or devices.
• Penetration test: Simulates attacks to determine whether vulnerabilities can be exploited.
• SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol): Uses standardized formats and protocols for automated vulnerability, configuration, and compliance checks.
• Illumination tool: Maps and analyzes broader supply-chain exposure and third-party risk.

• ?? ?? ?? ??
• ?? NFS ?? SMB ?? ??
• ?? ???? ???
• ?? IP ??? ???? ?? ???
• ??? ?? ???? ?????

• B: ????? NFS ? Snowball Edge? ?? ?? ? AWS? ?? ? S3
• D: ????? NFS ? ????/Direct Connect ? File Gateway ? S3

• Install unauthorized or unsupported software
• Access features blocked by the manufacturer or operating system
• Customize system behavior beyond normal settings

• Redesign how work is performed
• Deliver services faster and more flexibly
• Scale resources as demand changes
• Improve customer experiences
• Support innovation and new business models

• A: Cloud transformation applies to organizations of all sizes, not only large enterprises.
• C: It affects the entire organization, including business operations, customer service, and strategy—not just IT.
• D: Cloud adoption often requires significant process and cultural change, rather than simply continuing business as usual with lower costs.

• Red team: Offensive security; simulates attackers and validates exploitability.
• Blue team: Defensive security; monitors, detects, and responds to attacks.
• Purple team: Helps red and blue teams collaborate and improve defenses; not usually the primary testing role.
• White team: Oversees and coordinates the rules, scope, and authorization of an exercise.

• A. Continue using the current system: It will eventually fail and offers no recovery strategy.
• B. Virtualize the entire system: Correct. A VM can preserve the old OS, application, settings, and dependencies while running on newer physical hardware.
• C. Containerize the application: Containers generally share the host OS kernel and are not suitable for preserving an entire incompatible legacy OS.
• D. Clone the disks to USB: A disk clone may provide backup or temporary recovery, but it does not solve hardware compatibility or provide a reliable long-term platform.

• AES: Symmetric block cipher; modern and widely recommended.
• DES: Symmetric block cipher, but obsolete because its key size is too small.
• IDEA: Symmetric block cipher.
• PGP: An encryption system/application that uses a hybrid approach. It is not itself a single symmetric block cipher.

• delta.logRetentionDuration
• delta.deletedFileRetentionDuration

• delta.deletedFileRetentionDuration controls how long physically deleted or obsolete data files are retained before they become eligible for removal by VACUUM. Set it to interval 30 days.
• delta.logRetentionDuration controls how long Delta transaction-log history is retained. Set it to interval 30 days to support audits and time travel for that period.

sql 
ALTER TABLE Catalog1.Schema1.Table1 
SET TBLPROPERTIES ( 
  'delta.logRetentionDuration' = 'interval 30 days', 
  'delta.deletedFileRetentionDuration' = 'interval 30 days' 
);

• Relationship cardinality:

• Filter direction:

• Active versus inactive relationships: only active relationships automatically propagate filters.
• Blank or unmatched values: a fact-table value without a matching dimension row can create the model’s blank/unknown member.
• Uniqueness: the “one” side must contain unique values; duplicate keys generally belong on the “many” side.

• Recovery Services vault — stores Site Recovery configuration and recovery metadata.
• Hyper-V site — represents the on-premises Hyper-V environment.
• Azure virtual network — the target network where the replicated VM will run after failover. Since Azure VMs already use the same virtual network, that VNet can be selected as the target.
• Storage account or managed-disk target, depending on the ASR configuration and portal version.
• Provider/agent on the Hyper-V server — enables replication from Hyper-V to Azure.

• D — Managers focus on keeping costs low in the short term to maximise profits.

• E — Managers are given incentives to meet or undercut budgets.

• F — Managers delegate responsibility simply to reduce their workload.

• Enable screensaver locks: After inactivity, the workstation locks and requires the user to authenticate again. This prevents someone nearby from using an unattended logged-in computer.

• Apply a BIOS password: A BIOS/UEFI password helps prevent unauthorized users from changing boot settings, booting from external media, or bypassing normal startup controls. It adds protection before the operating system loads.

• Defragment the hard drive: Improves drive organization/performance, not access control.
• Enable SSH: Provides remote command-line access and could introduce another access path; it does not restrict local workstation users.
• Disable iCloud integration: Not a general workstation access-control measure.
• Enable the firewall: Protects against network connections, but does not stop an unauthorized person who is physically using the workstation.

• IKE (Internet Key Exchange) negotiates the IPsec security association, including:

• ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) protects the data after negotiation by providing encryption and optionally authentication.
• AH provides authentication and integrity but does not encrypt traffic.
• TLS is used for protocols such as HTTPS, not for negotiating IPsec parameters.

• A — Use a custom controller: An Apex class can contain the page’s logic.
• C — Use a standard controller with extensions: The standard controller provides basic CRUD behavior, while an extension adds custom logic.
• E — Use a standard controller: Useful when the page works mainly with one Salesforce object and needs standard functionality.

• A page with no controller for static or controller-free content.
• A custom controller with extensions; extensions are not limited only to standard controllers.

• IDS attack signatures: Primarily detects suspicious network activity; it is not the best control for scanning uploaded documents.
• Load balancer: Distributes traffic and can improve availability, but does not inspect files for malware.
• WAF: Helps block web attacks such as command injection and SQL injection, but it is not primarily a malware-scanning solution.

• Accept: Acknowledging the risk without taking additional action.
• Transfer: Moving the risk’s financial impact to a third party, such as an insurer.
• Mitigate: Reducing the likelihood or impact through controls, such as patching or employee training.
• Avoid: Eliminating the activity that creates the risk.

• A — VARIANT "null" values are not the same as SQL NULL values: True

• B — Frequent, single-row DMLs: False

• C — Validate data before loading into the target table: True

• D — Use staging tables to manage MERGE statements: True

• Group1 — security-enabled: Eligible.
• Group2 — mail-enabled and security-enabled: Eligible because it is still a security group.
• Group3 — Microsoft 365 group: Not eligible for group-based licensing.
• Group4 — Microsoft 365 group, not security-enabled: Not eligible.

• Microsoft Entra Connect synchronization
• AD FS
• Active Directory Domain Services

• SendGrid with advanced reporting: Used for application email delivery, not directory synchronization monitoring.
• Action group: Used with Azure Monitor alerts, but it is not the native monitoring solution for Microsoft Entra Connect synchronization health.
• Azure Network Watcher: Monitors Azure networking, not identity synchronization.

• Explain questions from the exam page
• Check whether the stated answer is technically correct
• Compare answer choices and eliminate distractors
• Clarify Azure AI concepts and terminology
• Point out when an answer key appears unreliable or when an image is missing

• B: Extending credit to customers increases receivables, so more cash is tied up in working capital.
• C: Replacing obsolete inventory does not reduce the overall inventory investment; it simply changes its composition.
• D: Paying suppliers earlier reduces payables. This uses cash and therefore increases the funds tied up in working capital.

• Endpoint Manager: manages hosts and sensor-related settings.
• Falcon Investigator: supports investigation and analysis, but does not necessarily grant RTR access.
• Remediation Manager: handles remediation-related actions rather than interactive host access.

python 
result = poller.result()

• poller represents the ongoing invoice-analysis operation.
• poller.result() waits until processing finishes.
• It then returns the structured analysis output, such as extracted invoice fields, tables, or other content.

• Creating and training machine-learning models
• Testing and evaluating models
• Deploying models as usable endpoints

• FTP — Transfers files using a client/server model and supports authentication. It uses separate control and data connections.
• TFTP — A very simple file-transfer protocol with no authentication and minimal features. Commonly used to transfer router or switch configuration files and IOS images.
• SCP — Securely copies files over SSH. It provides encryption and authentication.
• SFTP — Also transfers files securely through SSH, but provides more file-management capabilities than traditional SCP.
• HTTP/HTTPS — Primarily web protocols, but can also download files; HTTPS encrypts the session.

• TFTP = simple, unauthenticated file transfer
• FTP = file transfer with authentication, but not inherently encrypted
• SCP/SFTP = secure file transfer using SSH

• Power BI dataset — Reuses the existing tables, relationships, and measures. You mainly create new visualizations.
• SharePoint folder — Connects to the source files, but you would need to rebuild the model and measures.
• Power BI dataflows — Primarily provide reusable data preparation; they do not automatically provide the existing report’s measures and model.
• Excel workbook — Requires reconnecting to and modeling the source data again.

• Data Cloud combines data from multiple systems.
• It resolves and organizes that data into a unified customer view.
• That unified view enables downstream actions such as personalized campaigns, segmentation, analytics, and activation.

• A = core platform value
• D = a resulting business use case or benefit

• Deterrent control: The signs warning people they may be filmed discourage unauthorized or malicious behavior. They may prevent incidents by influencing behavior, but their primary purpose is to deter.
• Detective control: The CCTV system monitors and records activity so security personnel can identify suspicious or unauthorized actions.

• Preventive: Blocks or prevents an incident, such as a lock or access-control system.
• Corrective: Fixes or restores systems after an incident.
• Directive: Tells people what they must do, typically through policies or procedures.
• Compensating: Provides an alternative control when the preferred control cannot be used.

• Admin access to the deployment pipeline
• Contributor access to the Development and Test workspaces
• Viewer access to the Production workspace

• la schermata completa della domanda 3;
• i log di ogni host;
• il log del firewall;
• la sezione Explanation, se disponibile.

Why this is correct

• Each user authenticates with their own Google account.
• Google manages the user’s SSH key association.
• IAM controls who can access instances.
• Access can be audited by user identity, so security can determine who accessed a VM.
• Granting the role to a Google group avoids managing permissions individually.

Why the others don’t apply

• A: A shared private key is difficult to distribute securely and cannot reliably identify which employee used it.
• B: Manually collecting and deploying keys on every instance is operationally inefficient and complicates auditing.
• D: A project-wide shared key has the same identity and key-management problems as option A. It also does not provide per-user accountability.

• The connected switch
• The switch’s port/interface
• Device and port descriptions
• Sometimes VLAN or management information

• IKE: Establishes security associations for IPsec VPNs.
• VLAN: Defines logical network segmentation; it does not identify a physical switch port.
• netstat: Displays local network connections and statistics, not the upstream switch and port.

• Complex inputs: A queueable job can accept and retain complex data such as Map<Id, Project__c> and List<Account>.
• Callouts: The class should implement both:

apex 
  public class ProjectJob implements Queueable, Database.AllowsCallouts { 
      // execute method 
  }

• Execution confirmation: System.enqueueJob() returns an AsyncApexJob ID. You can use that ID to query job status and confirm whether the job completed successfully.

• @future(callout=true) supports callouts, but future methods have more restrictive parameter types and return no job ID for tracking.
• Database.AllowsCallouts is only an interface that permits callouts; it is not an asynchronous mechanism by itself.
• Schedulable is intended for jobs that run at a scheduled time, not primarily for submitting a long-running asynchronous operation.

• Transport and handling
• Storage and warehousing
• Refrigeration
• Shelf-stacking or replenishment
• Other costs directly attributable to product P

• Accept: Acknowledges the risk without taking additional action.
• Transfer: Shifts the risk or financial impact to another party, such as an insurer.
• Mitigate: Reduces the likelihood or impact through controls like patching, MFA, or segmentation.
• Avoid: Eliminates the activity that creates the risk.

• The job keeps 31 days of regular restore points. A backup from the week of January 1 is older than 31 days by March 20, so it is no longer expected to remain on the performance tier.
• It is also a weekly GFS full backup, retained for 14 weeks. Therefore, it is still protected and has not been deleted.
• In a Scale-out Backup Repository, older backups can be moved from the performance tier to the capacity tier—typically object storage—according to the configured offload policy.
• The archive tier is not selected because the question’s configuration does not indicate that the backup has been archived there.

Step 1: Calculate the rights issue price

Step 2: Calculate the number of new shares

Step 3: Calculate the value after the issue and project

• Rights issue proceeds: $21.6m
• Project NPV: $5m

Step 4: Calculate the theoretical ex-rights price