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Which jurisdiction lacks specific and comprehensive privacy laws at a national or top level of legal authority?

  1. European Union
  2. Germany
  3. Russia
  4. United States

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The United States lacks a single comprehensive law at the federal level addressing data security and privacy, but there are multiple federal laws that deal with different industries.



Which United States law is focused on PII as it relates to the financial industry?

  1. HIPAA
  2. SOX
  3. Safe Harbor
  4. GLBA

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The GLBA, as it is commonly called based on the lead sponsors and authors of the act, is officially known as "The Financial Modernization Act of 1999." It is specifically focused on PII as it relates to financial institutions. There are three specific components of it, covering various areas and use, on top of a general requirement that all financial institutions must provide all users and customers with a written copy of their privacy policies and practices, including with whom and for what reasons their information may be shared with other entities.



Which of the following threat types can occur when encryption is not properly applied or insecure transport mechanisms are used?

  1. Security misconfiguration
  2. Insecure direct object references
  3. Sensitive data exposure
  4. Unvalidated redirects and forwards

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Sensitive data exposure occurs when information is not properly secured through encryption and secure transport mechanisms; it can quickly become an easy and broad method for attackers to compromise information. Web applications must enforce strong encryption and security controls on the application side, but secure methods of communications with browsers or other clients used to access the information are also required. Security misconfiguration occurs when applications and systems are not properly configured for security, often a result of misapplied or inadequate baselines. Insecure direct object references occur when code references aspects of the infrastructure, especially internal or private systems, and an attacker can use that knowledge to glean more information about the infrastructure. Unvalidated redirects and forwards occur when an application has functions to forward users to other sites, and these functions are not properly secured to validate the data and redirect requests, thus allowing spoofing for malware or phishing attacks.



What is the best approach for dealing with services or utilities that are installed on a system but not needed to perform their desired function?

  1. Remove
  2. Monitor
  3. Disable
  4. Stop

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The best practice is to totally remove any unneeded services and utilities on a system to prevent any chance of compromise or use. If they are just disabled, it is possible for them to be inadvertently started again at any point, or another exploit could be used to start them again. Removing also negates the need to patch and maintain them going forward.






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