Which of the following threat types involves leveraging a user's browser to send untrusted data to be executed with legitimate access via the user’s valid credentials?
Answer(s): D
Cross-site scripting (XSS) is an attack where a malicious actor is able to send untrusted data to a user's browser without going through any validation or sanitization processes, or perhaps the code is not properly escaped from processing by the browser. The code is then executed on the user's browser with their own access and permissions, allowing the attacker to redirect the user's web traffic, steal data from their session, or potentially access information on the user's own computer that their browser has the ability to access. Missing function-level access control exists where an application only checks for authorization during the initial login process and does not further validate with each function call. An injection attack is where a malicious actor sends commands or other arbitrary data through input and data fields with the intent of having the application or system execute the code as part of its normal processing and queries. Cross-site request forgery occurs when an attack forces an authenticated user to send forged requests to an application running under their own access and credentials.
Digital investigations have adopted many of the same methodologies and protocols as other types of criminal or scientific inquiries.What term pertains to the application of scientific norms and protocols to digital investigations?
Forensics refers to the application of scientific methods and protocols to the investigation of crimes. Although forensics has traditionally been applied to well-known criminal proceedings and investigations, the term equally applies to digital investigations and methods. Although the other answers provide similar-sounding terms and ideas, none is the appropriate answer in this case.
Within a federated identity system, which entity accepts tokens from the identity provider?
The relying party is attached to the application or service that a user is trying to access, and it accepts authentication tokens from the user's own identity provider in order to facilitate authentication and access. The other terms provided are all associated with federated systems, but none is the correct choice in this case.
Different types of audits are intended for different audiences, such as internal, external, regulatory, and so on. Which of the following audits are considered "restricted use" versus being for a more broad audience?
Answer(s): B
SOC Type 1 reports are intended for restricted use, only to be seen by the actual service organization, its current clients, or its auditors. These reports are not intended for wider or public distribution.SAS-70 audit reports have been deprecated and are no longer in use, and both the SOC Type 2 and 3 reports are designed to expand upon the SOC Type 1 reports and are for broader audiences.
Although host-based and network-based IDSs perform similar functions and have similar capabilities, which of the following is an advantage of a network-based IDS over a host-based IDS, assuming all capabilities are equal?
Answer(s): A
A network-based IDS has the advantage of being segregated from host systems, and as such, it would not be open to compromise in the same manner a host-based system would be. Although a network-based IDS would be external to system patching, this is not the best answer here because it is a minor concern compared to segregation due to possible host compromise. Scalability is also not the best answer because, although a network-based IDS does remove processing from the host system, it is not a primary security concern.Network access is not a consideration because both a host-based IDS and a network-based IDS would have access to network resources.
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