QUESTION: 9

Which ONE of the following describes a situation of back-to-back testing the LEAST?

SELECT ONE OPTION

Comparison of the results of a current neural network model ML model implemented in platform A (for example Pytorch) with a similar neural network model ML model implemented in platform B (for example Tensorflow), for the same data.
Comparison of the results of a home-grown neural network model ML model with results in a neural network model implemented in a standard implementation (for example Pytorch) for same data
Comparison of the results of a neural network ML model with a current decision tree ML model for the same data.
Comparison of the results of the current neural network ML model on the current data set with a slightly modified data set.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Back-to-back testing is a method where the same set of tests are run on multiple implementations of the system to compare their outputs. This type of testing is typically used to ensure consistency and correctness by comparing the outputs of different implementations under identical conditions. Let's analyze the options given:

A . Comparison of the results of a current neural network model ML model implemented in platform A (for example Pytorch) with a similar neural network model ML model implemented in platform B (for example Tensorflow), for the same data.

This option describes a scenario where two different implementations of the same type of model are being compared using the same dataset. This is a typical back-to-back testing situation.

B . Comparison of the results of a home-grown neural network model ML model with results in a neural network model implemented in a standard implementation (for example Pytorch) for the same data.

This option involves comparing a custom implementation with a standard implementation, which is also a typical back-to-back testing scenario to validate the custom model against a known benchmark.

C . Comparison of the results of a neural network ML model with a current decision tree ML model for the same data.

This option involves comparing two different types of models (a neural network and a decision tree). This is not a typical scenario for back-to-back testing because the models are inherently different and would not be expected to produce identical results even on the same data.

D . Comparison of the results of the current neural network ML model on the current data set with a slightly modified data set.

This option involves comparing the outputs of the same model on slightly different datasets. This could be seen as a form of robustness testing or sensitivity analysis, but not typical back-to-back testing as it doesn't involve comparing multiple implementations.

Based on this analysis, option C is the one that describes a situation of back-to-back testing the least because it compares two fundamentally different models, which is not the intent of back-to-back testing.

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QUESTION: 10

Which ONE of the following options does NOT describe an Al technology related characteristic which differentiates Al test environments from other test environments?

SELECT ONE OPTION

Challenges resulting from low accuracy of the models.
The challenge of mimicking undefined scenarios generated due to self-learning
The challenge of providing explainability to the decisions made by the system.
Challenges in the creation of scenarios of human handover for autonomous systems.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

AI test environments have several unique characteristics that differentiate them from traditional test environments. Let's evaluate each option:

A . Challenges resulting from low accuracy of the models.

Low accuracy is a common challenge in AI systems, especially during initial development and training phases. Ensuring the model performs accurately in varied and unpredictable scenarios is a critical aspect of AI testing.

B . The challenge of mimicking undefined scenarios generated due to self-learning.

AI systems, particularly those that involve machine learning, can generate undefined or unexpected scenarios due to their self-learning capabilities. Mimicking and testing these scenarios is a unique challenge in AI environments.

C . The challenge of providing explainability to the decisions made by the system.

Explainability, or the ability to understand and articulate how an AI system arrives at its decisions, is a significant and unique challenge in AI testing. This is crucial for trust and transparency in AI systems.

D . Challenges in the creation of scenarios of human handover for autonomous systems.

While important, the creation of scenarios for human handover in autonomous systems is not a characteristic unique to AI test environments. It is more related to the operational and deployment challenges of autonomous systems rather than the intrinsic technology-related characteristics of AI .

Given the above points, option D is the correct answer because it describes a challenge related to operational deployment rather than a technology-related characteristic unique to AI test environments.

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QUESTION: 11

Which ONE of the following combinations of Training, Validation, Testing data is used during the process of learning/creating the model?

SELECT ONE OPTION

Training data - validation data - test data
Training data - validation data
Training data · test data
Validation data - test data

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The process of developing a machine learning model typically involves the use of three types of datasets:

Training Data: This is used to train the model, i.e., to learn the patterns and relationships in the data.

Validation Data: This is used to tune the model's hyperparameters and to prevent overfitting during the training process.

Test Data: This is used to evaluate the final model's performance and to estimate how it will perform on unseen data.

Let's analyze each option:

A . Training data - validation data - test data

This option correctly includes all three types of datasets used in the process of creating and validating a model. The training data is used for learning, validation data for tuning, and test data for final evaluation.

B . Training data - validation data

This option misses the test data, which is crucial for evaluating the model's performance on unseen data after the training and validation phases.

C . Training data - test data

This option misses the validation data, which is important for tuning the model and preventing overfitting during training.

D . Validation data - test data

This option misses the training data, which is essential for the initial learning phase of the model.

Therefore, the correct answer is A because it includes all necessary datasets used during the process of learning and creating the model: training, validation, and test data.

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QUESTION: 12

Which ONE of the following options BEST DESCRIBES clustering?

SELECT ONE OPTION

Clustering is classification of a continuous quantity.
Clustering is supervised learning.
Clustering is done without prior knowledge of output classes.
Clustering requires you to know the classes.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Clustering is a type of machine learning technique used to group similar data points into clusters. It is a key concept in unsupervised learning, where the algorithm tries to find patterns or groupings in data without prior knowledge of output classes. Let's analyze each option:

A . Clustering is classification of a continuous quantity.

This is incorrect. Classification typically involves discrete categories, whereas clustering involves grouping similar data points. Classification of continuous quantities is generally referred to as regression.

B . Clustering is supervised learning.

This is incorrect. Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique because it does not rely on labeled data.

C . Clustering is done without prior knowledge of output classes.

This is correct. In clustering, the algorithm groups data points into clusters without any prior knowledge of the classes. It discovers the inherent structure in the data.

D . Clustering requires you to know the classes.

This is incorrect. Clustering does not require prior knowledge of classes. Instead, it aims to identify and form the classes or groups based on the data itself.

Therefore, the correct answer is C because clustering is an unsupervised learning technique done without prior knowledge of output classes.

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