What is test oracle?
Answer(s): C
A test oracle is a mechanism or principle that can be used to determine whether the observed behavior or output of a system under test is correct or not. A test oracle can be based on various sources of expected results, such as specifications, user expectations, previous versions, comparable systems, etc.
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Section 1.2.1, Page 91; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, Page 332.
Which ONE of the following statements does NOT describe how testing contributes to higher quality?
Answer(s): B
The testing of software does not demonstrate the absence of defects, but rather the presence of defects or the conformance of the software to the specified requirements. Testing can never prove that the software is defect-free, as it is impossible to test all possible scenarios, inputs, outputs, and behaviors of the software. Testing can only provide a level of confidence in the quality of the software, based on the coverage, effectiveness, and efficiency of the testing activities.The other options are correct because:A . Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system, as they verify that the system meets the expected quality attributes and satisfies the needs and expectations of the users and clients4. Risk is the potential for loss or harm due to the occurrence of an undesirable event. Testing can help to identify, analyze, prioritize, and mitigate the risks associated with the software product and project.C . Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities, as they provide feedback on the quality of the software and the effectiveness of the development processes. Defects are flaws or errors in the software that cause it to deviate from the expected or required results or behavior. Testing can help to detect, report, track, and resolve the defects, and prevent them from recurring in the future.D . Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality, as it can ensure that the requirements are clear, complete, consistent, testable, and aligned with the needs and expectations of the users and clients. Requirements are the specifications of what the software should do and how it should do it. Testing can help to validate that the requirements are met by the software, and verify that the software is implemented according to the requirements.Reference =1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 102 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 113 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 124 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 135 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 976 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 987 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 14[8] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 15[9] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 16[10] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 17[11] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 18[12] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 19
Which of the following statements describes regression testing? I) Retesting of a fixed defectII) Testing of an already tested programIII) Testing of new functionality in a programIV) Regression testing applies only to functional testing V) Tests that do not nave to be repeatable, because They are only used once
Regression testing is the re-running of functional and non-functional tests to ensure that previously developed and tested software still performs as expected after a change1 It does not involve retesting of a fixed defect, testing of new functionality, or applying only to functional testing. Tests that are used for regression testing should be repeatable, because they are used to verify the stability of the software after each change2 Reference = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2, Page 291; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Page
A calculator software is used to calculate the result for 5+6.The user noticed that the result given is 6.This is an example of;
Answer(s): D
According to the ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, 2018, page 18, a failure is "an event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits". In this case, the calculator software does not perform the required function of calculating the correct result for 5+6 within the specified limits of accuracy and precision. Therefore, this is an example of a failure.The other options are incorrect because:A mistake is "a human action that produces an incorrect result" (page 25). A mistake is not an event, but an action, and it may or may not lead to a failure. For example, a mistake could be a typo in the code, a wrong assumption in the design, or a misunderstanding of the requirement.A fault is "a defect in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function" (page 16). A fault is not an event, but a defect, and it may or may not cause a failure. For example, a fault could be a logical error in the code, a missing specification in the design, or a contradiction in the requirement.An error is "the difference between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition" (page 15). An error is not an event, but a difference, and it may or may not result in a failure. For example, an error could be a rounding error in the calculation, a measurement error in the observation, or a deviation error in the condition.Reference = ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, 2018, pages 15-18, 25; ISTQB CTFL 4.0 - Sample Exam - Answers, Version 1.1, 2023,Q 3 , page 34.
A system has a self-diagnostics module that starts executing after the system is reset. The diagnostics are running 12 different tests on the systems memory hardware. The following is one of the requirements set for the diagnostics module:'The time taking the diagnostics tests to execute shall be less than 2 seconds' Which of the following is a failure related to the specified requirement?
A failure is an event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits. A requirement is a condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective. In this case, the requirement is that the diagnostics tests should execute in less than 2 seconds. Therefore, any event that violates this requirement is a failure. The only option that clearly violates this requirement is B. The diagnostic tests take too much time to execute. If the diagnostic tests take more than 2 seconds to complete, then they do not meet the specified limit and thus fail. The other options are not necessarily failures related to the specified requirement. Option A. The diagnostic tests fail to start after a system reset is a failure, but not related to the time limit. It is related to the functionality of the self-diagnostics module. Option C. The diagnostic tests that measure the speed of the memory, fail is also a failure, but not related to the time limit. It is related to the accuracy of the memory tests. Option D. The diagnostic tests fail due to incorrect implementation of the test code is also a failure, but not related to the time limit. It is related to the quality of the test code. Reference = ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Requirements Engineering Fundamentals.
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