QUESTION: 1

Which statement is correct about DevOps?

DevOps is a collection of strict guidelines that promotes the project completion over all other aspects.
DevOps is meant to define and restrict the development and operations tools used for a project.
DevOps is meant to unite the development, operations, and other teams to improve project collaborations.
DevOps is a defined standard written and maintained by the IEEE standards group.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

DevOps is a set of practices, tools, and cultural philosophies that aims to integrate and automate the processes between software development and IT operations teams. The primary goal of DevOps is to shorten the systems development life cycle and provide continuous delivery with high software quality.

Option C is correct because DevOps fundamentally focuses on breaking down the silos between development and operations teams, fostering a collaborative environment where these teams work together throughout the entire software lifecycle. This collaboration extends to other stakeholders, including quality assurance (QA), security, and more, to ensure that the product is continuously delivered and improved based on real-time feedback.

DevOps promotes a cultural shift where teams are no longer isolated but work together to share responsibilities, which leads to increased efficiency, faster problem resolution, and a more streamlined deployment process. This culture of collaboration is supported by various automation tools and practices such as Continuous Integration (CI), Continuous Deployment (CD), Infrastructure as Code (IaC), and automated testing.

Supporting

Reference:

Juniper Networks Automation and DevOps Documentation: This documentation emphasizes the importance of collaboration between development and operations teams to streamline processes and improve efficiency, aligning perfectly with the principles of DevOps.

"The DevOps Handbook" by Gene Kim, Patrick Debois, John Willis, and Jez Humble: This book provides an in-depth look into how DevOps practices enhance collaboration and lead to faster, more reliable software delivery.

IEEE and Industry Standards: While DevOps practices are widely adopted, they are not defined or maintained by IEEE or any other formal standards body, which is why option D is incorrect.

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QUESTION: 2

Which data construct is used to guarantee that element names and data values remain unique in an XML document?

element
schema definition
namespace
dictionary

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

In XML documents, a namespace is the data construct used to ensure that element names and data values remain unique. Namespaces prevent naming conflicts by differentiating between elements or attributes that may have the same name but different meanings. This is particularly important in XML, where documents often incorporate elements from multiple sources.

Detailed Explanation is:
XML Namespaces: A namespace is a collection of names, identified by a URI reference, which is used to distinguish between elements that may have identical names but different definitions or origins.
This helps avoid ambiguity in the document.

How Namespaces Work: When a namespace is applied, each element or attribute in the XML document is associated with a prefix. This prefix, combined with the namespace URI, ensures that the element or attribute is uniquely identified, even if another element or attribute in the same document has the same local name but a different namespace.

Schema Definition vs. Namespace: Although an XML schema definition (XSD) can define the structure and type constraints of an XML document, it does not guarantee uniqueness of element names across different XML documents. That role is fulfilled by namespaces.

Practical Example:

xml

Copy code

<root xmlns:ns1="http://www.example.com/ns1"

xmlns:ns2="http://www.example.com/ns2">

<ns1:item>Item in namespace 1</ns1:item>

<ns2:item>Item in namespace 2</ns2:item>

</root>

In this example, the item elements are in different namespaces (ns1 and ns2), which keeps them unique even though they have the same name.

Reference:

Juniper Automation and DevOps Documentation: These practices highlight the importance of namespaces in XML documents to maintain the integrity and uniqueness of data, which is essential in automation scripts and configuration files.

W3C XML Namespace Specification: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard for XML Namespaces defines how namespaces should be used to avoid name conflicts.

Namespaces are a crucial concept in XML, ensuring that data can be consistently managed and interpreted correctly, particularly in complex systems where multiple XML documents or schemas are involved.

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QUESTION: 3

You are asked to develop an on-box Junos script that prevents deletion of the SNMP configuration.

Which type of script serves this purpose?

commit script
event script
op script
SNMP script

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

A commit script in Junos is used to enforce policies and configuration constraints on the device. These scripts are written in Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) or Python and are executed automatically during the commit process of a configuration change.

In this context, to prevent the deletion of the SNMP configuration, a commit script is the appropriate choice. It can be designed to check the configuration changes being committed and reject any commit that attempts to delete or modify the SNMP configuration. This script essentially acts as a gatekeeper, ensuring that only allowable changes are committed to the device configuration.

Supporting

Reference:

Juniper Networks Commit Scripts Documentation: The official Juniper documentation provides examples and use cases of commit scripts, including how they can be used to prevent unauthorized changes to the device configuration.

"Junos Automation Scripting" by Jonathan Looney: This resource gives practical examples and best practices for creating commit scripts to enforce configuration policies in Junos OS.

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QUESTION: 4

A REST API client uses which two HTTP methods to execute RPC requests on the server? (Choose two.)

POST
HEAD
GET
CONNECT

Answer(s): A,C

Explanation:

REST APIs use HTTP methods to perform different operations on resources. In the context of RPC (Remote Procedure Call) requests:

GET: This method is used to retrieve data from the server. In a REST API, it is commonly used to fetch information about resources, such as the current configuration or operational state.

POST: This method is used to send data to the server to create or update a resource. In the context of RPC, POST is often used to execute a procedure on the server that may result in the modification of a resource or triggering of an action.

Options B (HEAD) and D (CONNECT) are not typically used for executing RPC requests:

HEAD is similar to GET but only retrieves the headers, not the body of the response.

CONNECT is used to establish a tunnel to the server, primarily for SSL-encrypted communication, and is not commonly associated with RESTful RPC operations.

Supporting

Reference:

Juniper Networks REST API Documentation: The documentation provides detailed information about the use of HTTP methods in Juniper's RESTful services.

"RESTful Web Services" by Leonard Richardson and Sam Ruby: This book explains the principles of REST and how different HTTP methods, particularly GET and POST, are used to interact with RESTful APIs.

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