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NACVA Accredited Valuation Analyst Exam Questions 126–130 (page: 27)

Updated On: 9-Feb-2026

Calculating the volatility of the underlying stock is more complicated. Volatility is the standard deviation is the price of underlying stock. The volatility used in the Black Scholes model is the total volatility of the underlying stock’s price. It is not its bets, which measures

  1. The relative movement of the stock‘s price to the market
  2. That the stock’s price changes are relatively constant
  3. Implied volatility
  4. The number of outstanding shares of the issuer

Answer(s): A



___________ is computed by reverse re-engineering the price of a publicly traded option on the same underlying stock. This is the one when used in the Black-Scholes model along with the other four known variables results in a calculated value that matches the market price of the publicly traded options.

  1. Implied price volatility
  2. Volatility of closely held companies
  3. Historical price volatility
  4. Both A & C

Answer(s): A



Fisher Black developed a technique to value American stock options using the Black- Scholes model called the pseudo-American call option model. The steps in the method are as follows EXCEPT:

  1. Compute the adjusted market price of the stock by deducting the present value, using the risk-free rate, of the future dividends payable during the remaining life of the option
  2. For each pseudo-option assumed to expire on a dividend date, deduct from the exercise price of the option the dividend payable on the date and the present value, using the risk-free rate, of all the remaining dividends to be paid after the dividend date during the term of the option
  3. Select the European option with the highest value as the value of the American option
  4. Using the Black-Scholes model, compute the value of each of the pseudo-options using unadjusted underlying stock price.

Answer(s): D



The advantages of the binomial model over the Black-Scholes model and its variations include:

  1. The binomial model’s ability to incorporate a variety of conditions which can increase accuracy, including variations in expected volatility, dividends rates and risk-free discount rates as well as transaction costs.
  2. The binomial model can be quite useful for valuing employee stock options as it is possible to include potential dilution, blackout periods, delayed vesting provisions, early exercise patterns and employee turnover in the model by increasing the number of periods and adjusting the option values at each node
  3. Binomial model does not require more computations
  4. Binomial Model does not have any liquidity problem

Answer(s): A,B



In creating employee stock options, the issuing company usually endeavors to set the option’s strike price at the fair market value of the underlying shares. When the strike price is set at the fair market value, the intrinsic value is___________ , and the only value of the option is its___________ .

  1. One Value, market value
  2. Zero value, time value
  3. Current market value, zero value
  4. Par value, zero value

Answer(s): B



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