QUESTION: 33

Choose the correct answer :

Which diagram shows inherited properties?

A)

B)

C)

D) Inherited properties cannot be shown In a specialized class.

Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

In UML, inherited properties are those attributes that are defined in a superclass and inherited by a subclass. According to UML notation, when a subclass inherits from a superclass, it inherits all the attributes and operations of the superclass unless they are redefined.

Let's examine each option:

A . In Option A, the Customer class shows the attributes name and address repeated from the Person class. This is not necessary in UML to show inheritance and could imply these are different attributes that happen to have the same name.

B . In Option B, the attributes of the Person class are not shown in the Customer class. This is correct as UML assumes that all attributes and operations are inherited by the subclass, and there is no need to repeat them unless they are overridden or extended. In this case, the diagram shows inheritance correctly without redundant representation of inherited properties.

C . In Option C, the inherited properties name and address are explicitly marked as inherited.
While it's possible to show inherited properties in this way for clarity, it's not necessary and is less common in standard UML class diagrams.

D . Statement D is incorrect because inherited properties can be shown in a specialized class, although it is not a requirement to do so for the properties to be inherited.

Based on the UML 2 Foundation specification, the correct way to depict inheritance without redundantly listing inherited attributes is shown in Option B.

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QUESTION: 34

Choose the correct answer :

Which elements in the diagram are Features of the Car class?

drive(), Car
stop(). driver
name. stop()
driveO, stop(). Person

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

In UML, the features of a class are the combined set of attributes (properties) and operations (methods) that are defined for that class. A feature is a characteristic that classifiers (like classes) can possess. In the context of UML, operations are considered behavioral features, while attributes are considered structural features.

Let's analyze the given options in the context of the Car class:

A . "drive()" is an operation (method) of the Car class, but "Car" itself is the name of the class, not a feature.

B . "stop()" is an operation of the Car class, but "driver" is a role name for an association, not a feature of the Car class.

C . "name" is an attribute of the Person class, not the Car class. "stop()" is indeed an operation of the Car class.

D . "drive()" and "stop()" are operations of the Car class. "Person" is not a feature of the Car class, but no attributes of the Car class are shown in the diagram, and since features include both operations and attributes, the correct answer from the available options is D. It is understood that operations of a class are features, so the answer includes both operations of the Car class: "drive()" and "stop()". According to the UML 2 Foundation specification, both structural features (attributes) and behavioral features (operations) are considered features of a class, so the correct answer would be the operations "drive()" and "stop()" since those are the only features explicitly represented in the Car class in the diagram.

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QUESTION: 35

Choose the correct answer :

Which statement is correct regarding Enumeration Literals?

EnumerationLiterals are immutable
EnumerationLiterals may be anonymous.
EnumerationLiterals may not be compared for equality.
Enumeration Literal names may appear more than once within an Enumeration.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Enumeration literals in UML are used within an enumeration to define a set of named constants.
According to the UML specification:

A . This statement is correct. Enumeration literals are indeed immutable, which means once they are defined within an enumeration, their values cannot be changed.

B . Enumeration literals cannot be anonymous; they must be named so that they can be referenced unambiguously within the model.

C . Enumeration literals can be compared for equality. In fact, this is one of their primary uses, to allow for comparison between different values of an enumerated type to determine if they are the same.

D . Enumeration literal names must be unique within their enumeration. They cannot appear more than once as this would cause ambiguity in references to the literals.

The most accurate statement according to the UML 2 Foundation specification is A:
EnumerationLiterals are immutable.

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QUESTION: 36

Choose the correct answer :

Consider the following diagram:

What does the filled diamond mean?

A Ship-instance is responsible for the existence of the Person-instances linked to it.
Class Person's existence depends on the ship. It will get deleted when the ship gets deleted.
It is a modeling placebo It does not have any influence on the structure of the instances of Ship or Person.
Class Ship owns an attribute passenger of Type Person. The ownership of attribute my_ship is undefined.
Class Person owns an attribute my_ship of Type Ship. The ownership of attribute passenger is undefined.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

In UML, a filled diamond represents a composite aggregation, also known as a composition. It indicates a whole-part relationship with strong ownership and coincident lifetime of the parts with the whole. Here's what it means in relation to the options provided:

A . This is partially correct. A filled diamond indeed indicates that the Ship instance is responsible for the existence of the associated Person instances, but it is not complete as it does not explicitly state that the Person instances will be deleted when the Ship instance is deleted.

B . This option is the most accurate. A filled diamond represents a composite aggregation, which means that the existence of the Person instances (parts) is dependent on the Ship instance (whole).
When the Ship instance is deleted, so are the Person instances it contains.

C . The filled diamond is not a placebo; it has a well-defined meaning in UML, indicating strong ownership and lifecycle dependency between the whole and the part.

D .
While the filled diamond does indicate ownership, it specifies more than just an attribute relationship; it indicates that the Ship class has a composition relationship with the Person class. This means that the Ship object contains Person objects as parts of itself, not just as an attribute reference.

E . The filled diamond is connected to the Ship class, not the Person class, so this statement is incorrect. The composition relationship is from Ship to Person, not the other way around.

Based on the UML specification for composite aggregation, the most accurate statement is B: Class Person's existence depends on the ship. It will get deleted when the ship gets deleted. This aligns with the definition of composite aggregation, where the part's lifecycle is dependent on the whole's lifecycle.

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