Free ACT Test Exam Braindumps (page: 146)

Page 146 of 260

Background Information

If a characteristic is expressed in an organism, that is the organism's phenotype. The genes that determine that phenotype are called the organism's genotype. A characteristic is determined by the organism's genes that were passed down by the parents. If a gene is dominant, that gene will be expressed in the phenotype. If a gene is recessive, it will only be expressed in the phenotype when two recessives are present in the genetic makeup of that organism.

Description

A cat breeder is losing money because customers are buying cats that do not have white paws, and the cat breeder has mostly white-pawed cats. She decides to experiment with breeding with the six remaining cats that do not have white paws to see if she can produce litters of kittens without white paws. A cat without white paws can be either pure for the non-white pawed cats (homozygote) or a carrier for white paws (heterozygote). The trait for having white paws is recessive.

A homozygote for the non-white = WW (non-white cat paws).
A heterozygote for white = Ww (non-white cat paws).
A homozygote for the white = ww (white cat paws).

You can create Punnett Squares to show the phenotypes that would result from two parent cats breeding.

WW × WW cross yields all non-white pawed kittens.



WW × Ww cross yields all non-white pawed kittens in the first generation; however, 1/2 will be carriers for white paws.



Ww × Ww cross yields a ratio of 1 homozygote non-white paws to 2 heterozygote to 1 homozygote white paws for the first generation.



Experiment

Group 1
The cat breeder breeds two cats that do not have white paws. She finds that the first generation of kittens in this group does not have any white paws. When the first generation of cats was bred, she finds that the second generation of these kittens is 1/8 white-pawed and 7/8 not white-pawed.

Group 2
The cat breeder breeds two different cats that do not have white paws. She finds that the first, second, and third generations of kittens in this group did not have any white paws.

Group 3
The cat breeder breeds two different cats that do not have white paws. She finds that the first generation of kittens in this group has 1/4 with white paws and 3/4 without white paws. She does not breed for a second generation in this group.

An organism's genes that determine the phenotype are called:

  1. heterozygote.
  2. characteristics.
  3. genotype.
  4. homozygote.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

According to the Background Information, the genes that determine that phenotype are called the organism's genotype.



Graphs I-IV and Data Table I represent the motion of objects in one dimension as detected by a motion detector. Motion in the positive direction represents motion away from the motion detector and motion in the negative direction represents motion toward the motion detector.









Which of the objects represented on Graph I is moving at a constant velocity in the positive direction?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Objects that move with constant velocity have position versus time graphs with constant slope since the object travels equal distances in equal time intervals. The velocity of an object is the slope of the position versus time graph. Of the objects represented on Graph I only object A, C, and D has straight lines representing constant velocity. Object B has a curved position versus time graph, which indicates it is changing velocity as it travels.
This leaves two choices C or D. The graph for object D has a positive slope and the graph for object C has a negative slope. The sign of the slope of the position versus time graph represents the sign or direction of the velocity. This means that object D, which has a positive, constant slope on the position versus time graph represents an object moving in the positive direction with constant velocity.



Graphs I-IV and Data Table I represent the motion of objects in one dimension as detected by a motion detector. Motion in the positive direction represents motion away from the motion detector and motion in the negative direction represents motion toward the motion detector.









Which of the objects represented on Graph I could also be represented by Graph II?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The object in Graph II has a constant velocity since the line on its velocity versus time graph is horizontal. It also has a negative velocity since the line is in the negative region of the graph. Since the velocity is negative this means it is moving in the negative direction. So, the object should meet the following requirements, it should be moving in the negative direction with constant velocity. The object from Graph I that is moving in the negative direction with constant velocity is object C. As explained above to have a constant velocity on Graph I the object must show a straight line on the position versus time graph. Only objects C and D have straight lines with non-zero constant slopes on the position versus time graphs. Object D has a positive slope on its position versus time graph in Graph I. This means its velocity versus time graph should be in the positive region of the graph. Object C, however, meets both requirements since it has a negative, constant slope on its position versus time graph in Graph I, its velocity versus time graph is a horizontal line in the negative region as represented by Graph II.



Graphs I-IV and Data Table I represent the motion of objects in one dimension as detected by a motion


detector. Motion in the positive direction represents motion away from the motion detector and motion in the negative direction represents motion toward the motion detector.






Which of the following accurately describes the motion of the object in Graph III?

  1. The object is moving in the positive direction, slowing down.
  2. The object is moving in the negative direction, speeding up.
  3. The object is moving in the positive direction, speeding up.
  4. The object is moving in the negative direction, slowing down.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

On Graph III, the direction the object is moving in is represented by what region of the graph the line is drawn in. It is important to remember that since Graph III plots the velocity of the object and not its position. Only the sign of the velocity values indicates the direction of motion. The slope of the line on the velocity versus time graph does not indicate the direction the object is moving in. If the object is moving in the positive direction the velocity will be positive, and if it is moving in the negative direction the velocity will be negative. Since the line is in the negative region of the velocity versus time graph the object is moving in the negative direction.



Page 146 of 260



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