Age-adjusted cancer death rates for men and women reveal an increasing rate for which cancer over the last 20 years?
Answer(s): B
The age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rate rose rapidly following adoption of smoking by women. This now has stabilized as the leading cause of cancer death in women.
You have decided to survey the population to establish a health risk profile for the population. Due to budget constraints, you must gather data using a stratified random sample. This approach is correctly described as which of the following?
Sometimes it is possible to identify subgroups or strata of a population. Randomly sampling these segments, called strata, may reduce sampling error. Systematic sampling, selecting every "ith" individual, is not necessarily random, depending on how lists are constructed. Random groups would presumably be based on random selection of individuals, and little benefit would derive from studying such groups.Random groups produce more hazards statistically than randomized strata. Clusters are somewhat different; they may be small groups of the population occurring in specific areas, such as families, villages, or wards. The characteristics of clusters are not necessarily those of the population, but more those of location. Cluster sampling may be useful but does not have the same outcome as a stratified sample.
You are examining the relationship between hypertension and myocardial infarction (MI) in your community. In order to do so, you send a questionnaire to the whole population in your community (1000 persons). All 1000 persons responded. The results obtained from that questionnaire are presented below in table.What is the reported prevalence of hypertension in the population per 1000?
Answer(s): C
Prevalence is the number of existing cases of a disease occurring in the total population at a given period of time. In this study, the prevalence rate is calculated based on reported figures (15 + 185 = 200 persons per 1000 persons surveyed report having hypertension). The actual figure, as demonstrated by the investigation of the sample, is likely to be higher.
You are examining the relationship between hypertension and myocardial infarction (MI) in your community. In order to do so, you send a questionnaire to the whole population in your community (1000 persons). All 1000 persons responded. The results obtained from that questionnaire are presented below in table.What is the prevalence of MI per 1000 hypertensive persons in the total population?
Answer(s): D
In the tables that accompany the question, the number of hypertensive personsin the community is 200.The number of patients with hypertension who also report a history of MI is 15. The prevalence is therefore 15 in a population of 200, which may be translated as a rate of 75 per 1000.
You are examining the relationship between hypertension and myocardial infarction (MI) in your community. In order to do so, you send a questionnaire to the whole population in your community (1000 persons). All 1000 persons responded. The results obtained from that questionnaire are presented below in table.What is the prevalence of MI per 1000 persons in the community?
In the study described in the question, the prevalence rate is the total number of cases occurring in the community, divided by the number of members in the community, multiplied by 1000. This is a point prevalence rate: the number of individuals who have had an MI at the time the questionnaire is administered. Thus, the prevalence is (20/1000). 1000 = 20.
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