QUESTION: 129

A57-year-old male presents for annual examination. On history, you note a history of colon cancer that was successfully surgically resected 2 years ago. He had a negative postoperative colonoscopy 6 months later and another negative colonoscopy last year. Which of the following would be the most appropriate colon cancer screening regimen for this patient?

colonoscopy or virtual colonoscopy in 1 year
colonoscopy in 3 years
colonoscopy or double contrast barium enema in 5 years
colonoscopy annually
digital examination and fecal occult blood test (FOBT) annually with colonoscopy in 10 years

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

As per the American Cancer Society, American College of Colorectal Surgery, and the American College of Gastroenterology, the colon cancer screening guidelines for persons with prior history of colon cancer are as follows:
· Initially, a "clearing" colonoscopy should be performed to evaluate for synchronous disease located elsewhere in the colon. If the cancer is not obstructing, this can be done with a preoperative colonoscopy. If it is obstructing, CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) or barium enema can be used preoperatively and colonoscopy can be performed either intraoperatively or 36 months postoperatively. · If curative resection is performed for colon or rectal cancer, a follow-up colonoscopy should be performed 1 year postoperatively. If this is normal, the next scope should be 3 years later. If all endoscopy is normal then a subsequent interval of 5 years is recommened.

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QUESTION: 130

A19-year-old male who moved to your city 3 months ago comes to your office complaining of dry cough for the past 23 months. Along with the cough, he has had some shortness of breath with exertion. He denies fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, wheezing, and sneezing. The cough occurs mostly in the morning and improves as the day goes on. He denies similar complaints in the past and has no history of allergies. He says that his father had eczema and an allergy to eggs. You order a CXR. Which of the following are you most likely to find?

normal
diffuse pulmonary congestion
increased bronchial wall markings
cardiomegaly
flattening of the diaphragms

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

This patient is manifesting symptoms consistent with asthma. With the history of recently moving to a new area, along with a family history of allergies and eczema, his asthma may be further classified as allergic asthma. Episodic symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and wheezing are likely to occur. The diagnosis of asthma is made by demonstrating reversible airway obstruction. Airway obstruction is likely to be manifested by a reduction in the FEV1. An increase in the FEV1 of 15% after the use of a bronchodilator is the definition of reversibility. A CXR is most likely to be normal. Numerous cardiac conditions, such as CHF, cardiomyopathies, or pericardial effusions, may result in cardiomegaly on a CXR. Diffuse infiltrates may be seen with infections, interstitial lung disease, or other conditions. Flattened diaphragms would be consistent with prolonged obstructive lung disease, such as emphysema. The treatment of choice for the prevention of symptoms in all stages of asthma other than mild intermittent is inhaled steroid. All patients with asthma should also have a short-acting bronchodilator for acute symptomatic relief. A leukotriene modifier would be an alternative recommendation and might be a good addition to an inhaled steroid, as they also have FDA indications for patients with allergic rhinitis.

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QUESTION: 131

A19-year-old male who moved to your city 3 months ago comes to your office complaining of dry cough for the past 23 months. Along with the cough, he has had some shortness of breath with exertion. He denies fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, wheezing, and sneezing. The cough occurs mostly in the morning and improves as the day goes on. He denies similar complaints in the past and has no history of allergies. He says that his father had eczema and an allergy to eggs.

The pulmonary function test that is most likely to be diagnostic in this patient is which of these?

increased total lung capacity
increased functional residual capacity
increased residual volume
decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
decreased forced inspiratory volume

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

This patient is manifesting symptoms consistent with asthma. With the history of recently moving to a new area, along with a family history of allergies and eczema, his asthma may be further classified as allergic asthma. Episodic symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and wheezing are likely to occur. The diagnosis of asthma is made by demonstrating reversible airway obstruction. Airway obstruction is likely to be manifested by a reduction in the FEV1. An increase in the FEV1 of 15% after the use of a bronchodilator is the definition of reversibility. A CXR is most likely to be normal. Numerous cardiac conditions, such as CHF, cardiomyopathies, or pericardial effusions, may result in cardiomegaly on a CXR. Diffuse infiltrates may be seen with infections, interstitial lung disease, or other conditions. Flattened diaphragms would be consistent with prolonged obstructive lung disease, such as emphysema.

The treatment of choice for the prevention of symptoms in all stages of asthma other than mild intermittent is inhaled steroid. All patients with asthma should also have a short-acting bronchodilator for acute symptomatic relief. A leukotriene modifier would be an alternative recommendation and might be a good addition to an inhaled steroid, as they also have FDA indications for patients with allergic rhinitis.

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QUESTION: 132

A19-year-old male who moved to your city 3 months ago comes to your office complaining of dry cough for the past 23 months. Along with the cough, he has had some shortness of breath with exertion. He denies fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, wheezing, and sneezing. The cough occurs mostly in the morning and improves as the day goes on. He denies similar complaints in the past and has no history of allergies. He says that his father had eczema and an allergy to eggs. What is the single best treatment for preventing symptoms in this patient?

long-acting beta-2 agonists
an inhaled steroid
an inhaled anticholinergic
leukotriene modifiers
long-acting oral bronchodilators

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

This patient is manifesting symptoms consistent with asthma. With the history of recently moving to a new area, along with a family history of allergies and eczema, his asthma may be further classified as allergic asthma. Episodic symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and wheezing are likely to occur. The diagnosis of asthma is made by demonstrating reversible airway obstruction. Airway obstruction is likely to be manifested by a reduction in the FEV1. An increase in the FEV1 of 15% after the use of a bronchodilator is the definition of reversibility. A CXR is most likely to be normal. Numerous cardiac conditions, such as CHF, cardiomyopathies, or pericardial effusions, may result in cardiomegaly on a CXR. Diffuse infiltrates may be seen with infections, interstitial lung disease, or other conditions. Flattened diaphragms would be consistent with prolonged obstructive lung disease, such as emphysema.

The treatment of choice for the prevention of symptoms in all stages of asthma other than mild intermittent is inhaled steroid. All patients with asthma should also have a short-acting bronchodilator for acute symptomatic relief. A leukotriene modifier would be an alternative recommendation and might be a good addition to an inhaled steroid, as they also have FDA indications for patients with allergic rhinitis.

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QUESTION: 129

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QUESTION: 130

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QUESTION: 131

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QUESTION: 132

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