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Zend Certified PHP Engineer Questions 51–55 (page: 12)

Consider the following table data and PHP code. What is the outcome?
Table data (table name "users" with primary key "id"):
id name email
------- ----------- -------------------
1 anna alpha@example.com
2 betty beta@example.org
3 clara gamma@example.net
5 sue sigma@example.info
PHP code (assume the PDO connection is correctly established):
$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=exam';
$user = 'username';
$pass = '********';
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);
try {
$cmd = "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (:id, :name, :email)";
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($cmd);
$stmt->bindValue('id', 1);
$stmt->bindValue('name', 'anna');
$stmt->bindValue('email', 'alpha@example.com');
$stmt->execute();
echo "Success!";
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo "Failure!";
throw $e;
}

Consider the following table data and PHP code. What is a possible outcome?
Table data (table name "users" with primary key "id"):
id name email
------- ----------- -------------------
1 anna alpha@example.com
2 betty beta@example.org
3 clara gamma@example.net
5 sue sigma@example.info
PHP code (assume the PDO connection is correctly established):
$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=exam';
$user = 'username';
$pass = '********';
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);
$cmd = "SELECT name, email FROM users LIMIT 1";
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($cmd);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_BOTH);
$row = $result[0];

Consider the following table data and PHP code, and assume that the database supports transactions. What is the outcome?
Table data (table name "users" with primary key "id"):
id name email
------- ----------- -------------------
1 anna alpha@example.com
2 betty beta@example.org
3 clara gamma@example.net
5 sue sigma@example.info
PHP code (assume the PDO connection is correctly established):
$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=exam';
$user = 'username';
$pass = '********';
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);
try {
$pdo->exec("INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (6, 'bill', 'delta@example.com')");
$pdo->begin();
$pdo->exec("INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (7, 'john', 'epsilon@example.com')");
throw new Exception();
} catch (Exception $e) {
$pdo->rollBack();
}

Given a PHP value, which sample shows how to convert the value to JSON?

Given a JSON-encoded string, which code sample correctly indicates how to decode the string to native PHP values?