QUESTION: 117

A company runs its application in the eu-west-1 Region and has one account for each of its environments: development, testing, and production. All the environments are running 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by using stateful Amazon EC2 instances and Amazon RDS for MySQL databases. The databases are between 500 GB and 800 GB in size.

The development team and testing team work on business days during business hours, but the production environment operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The company wants to reduce costs. All resources are tagged with an environment tag with either development, testing, or production as the key.

What should a solutions architect do to reduce costs with the LEAST operational effort?

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs once every day. Configure the rule to invoke one AWS Lambda function that starts or slops instances based on me tag, day, and time.
Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs every business day in the evening. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that stops instances based on the tag. Create a second EventBridge rule that runs every business day in the morning. Configure the second rule lo invoke another Lambda function that starts instances based on the tag.
Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs every business day in the evening, Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that terminates, instances based on the lag. Create a second EventBridge rule that runs every business day in the morning. Configure the second rule lo invoke another Lambda function that restores the instances from their last backup based on the tag.
Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs every hour. Configure the rule to invoke one AWS Lambda function that terminates or restores instances from their last backup based on the tag. day, and time.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

To effectively reduce costs with minimal operational effort, the recommended solution is:

B) This approach involves creating two Amazon EventBridge rules to manage the state of the EC2 instances for the development and testing environments. The first rule runs every business day in the evening to stop instances that are not needed after business hours, and the second rule runs every business day in the morning to start those instances back up. This scheduling aligns with the usage patterns of the development and testing teams, ensuring that they only incur costs for the EC2 instances and RDS databases when they are actively being used.

This method leverages automation to minimize manual intervention and ensure cost efficiency without compromising the operational requirements of the production environment.

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QUESTION: 118

A company is building a software-as-a-service (SaaS) solution on AWS. The company has deployed an Amazon API Gateway REST API with AWS Lambda integration in multiple AWS Regions and in the same production account.

The company offers tiered pricing that gives customers the ability to pay for the capacity to make a certain number of API calls per second. The premium tier offers up to 3,000 calls per second, and customers are identified by a unique API key. Several premium tier customers in various Regions report that they receive error responses of 429 Too Many Requests from multiple API methods during peak usage hours. Logs indicate that the Lambda function is never invoked.

What could be the cause of the error messages for these customers?

The Lambda function reached its concurrency limit.
The Lambda function its Region limit for concurrency.
The company reached its API Gateway account limit for calls per second.
The company reached its API Gateway default per-method limit for calls per second.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The error messages indicating "429 Too Many Requests" suggest that the API Gateway is rejecting requests due to exceeding allowed limits. The correct answer is:

C) The company reached its API Gateway account limit for calls per second. This is because API Gateway has account-level limits on the total number of requests it can handle across all APIs in a specific account and region. If multiple premium tier customers attempt to make calls that, in aggregate, exceed this limit, they will receive 429 errors, even if the Lambda function itself is not being invoked.

This situation is typical when the service is under heavy load and the total number of API calls exceeds the provisioned capacity, leading to throttling by the API Gateway.

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QUESTION: 119

A financial company is planning to migrate its web application from on premises to AWS. The company uses a third-party security tool to monitor the inbound traffic to the application. The company has used the security tool for the last 15 years, and the tool has no cloud solutions available from its vendor. The company's security team is concerned about how to integrate the security tool with AWS technology.

The company plans to deploy the application migration to AWS on Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances will run in an Auto Scaling group in a dedicated VPC. The company needs to use the security tool to inspect all packets that come in and out of the VPC. This inspection must occur in real time and must not affect the application's performance. A solutions architect must design a target architecture on AWS that is highly available within an AWS Region.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Deploy the security tool on EC2 instances m a new Auto Scaling group in the existing VPC
Deploy the web application behind a Network Load Balancer
Deploy an Application Load Balancer in front of the security tool instances
Provision a Gateway Load Balancer for each Availability Zone to redirect the traffic to the security tool
Provision a transit gateway to facilitate communication between VPCs.

Answer(s): A,D

Explanation:

To integrate the third-party security tool with the AWS architecture while ensuring high availability and minimal impact on application performance, the following steps are recommended:

A) Deploy the security tool on EC2 instances in a new Auto Scaling group in the existing VPC. This allows the security tool to be scalable and available to handle fluctuations in traffic without compromising performance.

D) Provision a Gateway Load Balancer for each Availability Zone to redirect the traffic to the security tool. This setup allows traffic to be routed transparently to the security tool for inspection, while still ensuring that the architecture is highly available across multiple Availability Zones.

Together, these steps create a robust architecture that allows for real-time packet inspection without affecting application performance, while maintaining high availability in the AWS environment.

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QUESTION: 120

A company has purchased appliances from different vendors. The appliances all have IoT sensors. The sensors send status information in the vendors' proprietary formats to a legacy application that parses the information into JSON. The parsing is simple, but each vendor has a unique format. Once daily, the application parses all the JSON records and stores the records in a relational database for analysis.

The company needs to design a new data analysis solution that can deliver faster and optimize costs.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Connect the IoT sensors to AWS IoT Core. Set a rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to parse the information and save a .csv file to Amazon. S3 Use AWS Glue to catalog the files. Use Amazon Athena and Amazon QuickSight for analysis.
Migrate the application server to AWS Fargate, which will receive the information from IoT sensors and parse the information into a relational format. Save the parsed information to Amazon Redshlft for analysis.
Create an AWS Transfer for SFTP server. Update the IoT sensor code to send the information as a .csv file through SFTP to the server. Use AWS Glue to catalog the files. Use Amazon Athena for analysis.
Use AWS Snowball Edge to collect data from the IoT sensors directly to perform local analysis. Periodically collect the data into Amazon Redshift to perform global analysis.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

To design a new data analysis solution that delivers faster performance and optimizes costs, the recommended approach is:

A) Connect the IoT sensors to AWS IoT Core. Set a rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to parse the information and save a .csv file to Amazon S3. Use AWS Glue to catalog the files. This solution effectively utilizes serverless architecture to handle incoming data, which scales automatically based on demand, reducing operational overhead.

Then, leveraging Amazon Athena for querying the data stored in S3 allows for cost-effective and fast analysis since Athena charges based on the amount of data scanned. Amazon QuickSight can then be used for visualization, enabling the company to analyze the data efficiently without needing to manage servers or complex infrastructure.

This architecture not only streamlines the parsing process but also improves data accessibility and analysis capabilities while optimizing costs by using serverless components.

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QUESTION: 117

Explanation:

QUESTION: 118

Explanation:

QUESTION: 119

Explanation:

QUESTION: 120

Explanation: