QUESTION: 13

A company is running an application on several Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer. The load on the application varies throughout the day, and EC2 instances are scaled in and out on a regular basis. Log files from the EC2 instances are copied to a central Amazon S3 bucket every 15 minutes. The security team discovers that log files are missing from some of the terminated EC2 instances.

Which set of actions will ensure that log files are copied to the central S3 bucket from the terminated EC2 instances?

Create a script to copy log files to Amazon S3, and store the script in a file on the EC2 instance. Create an Auto Scaling lifecycle hook and an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect lifecycle events from the Auto Scaling group. Invoke an AWS Lambda function on the autoscaling:EC2_INSTANCE_TERMINATING transition to send ABANDON to the Auto Scaling group to prevent termination, run the script to copy the log files, and terminate the instance using the AWS SDK.
Create an AWS Systems Manager document with a script to copy log files to Amazon S3. Create an Auto Scaling lifecycle hook and an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect lifecycle events from the Auto Scaling group. Invoke an AWS Lambda function on the autoscaling:EC2_INSTANCE_TERMINATING transition to call the AWS Systems Manager API SendCommand operation to run the document to copy the log files and send CONTINUE to the Auto Scaling group to terminate the instance.
Change the log delivery rate to every 5 minutes. Create a script to copy log files to Amazon S3, and add the script to EC2 instance user data. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect EC2 instance termination. Invoke an AWS Lambda function from the EventBridge rule that uses the AWS CLI to run the user-data script to copy the log files and terminate the instance.
Create an AWS Systems Manager document with a script to copy log files to Amazon S3. Create an Auto Scaling lifecycle hook that publishes a message to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. From the SNS notification, call the AWS Systems Manager API SendCommand operation to run the document to copy the log files and send ABANDON to the Auto Scaling group to terminate the instance.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

B: Create an AWS Systems Manager document with a script to copy log files to Amazon S3... is the correct approach because it leverages AWS Systems Manager to manage the task of copying log files when an instance is being terminated. By using an Auto Scaling lifecycle hook and AWS Lambda, the system can detect when an instance is about to be terminated, execute the necessary commands via AWS Systems Manager SendCommand, and ensure that the logs are copied to the S3 bucket before the instance is shut down. This approach helps ensure log file integrity without manual intervention and respects the automated scaling and termination process of the Auto Scaling group.

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QUESTION: 14

A company is using multiple AWS accounts. The DNS records are stored in a private hosted zone for Amazon Route 53 in Account A. The company’s applications and databases are running in Account B.

A solutions architect will deploy a two-tier application in a new VPC. To simplify the configuration, the db.example.com CNAME record set for the Amazon RDS endpoint was created in a private hosted zone for Amazon Route 53.

During deployment, the application failed to start. Troubleshooting revealed that db.example.com is not resolvable on the Amazon EC2 instance. The solutions architect confirmed that the record set was created correctly in Route 53.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to resolve this issue? (Choose two.)

Deploy the database on a separate EC2 instance in the new VPC. Create a record set for the instance’s private IP in the private hosted zone.
Use SSH to connect to the application tier EC2 instance. Add an RDS endpoint IP address to the /etc/resolv.conf file.
Create an authorization to associate the private hosted zone in Account A with the new VPC in Account B.
Create a private hosted zone for the example com domain in Account B. Configure Route 53 replication between AWS accounts.
Associate a new VPC in Account B with a hosted zone in Account A. Delete the association authorization in Account A.

Answer(s): C,E

Explanation:

The correct steps to resolve the DNS resolution issue are:

C: Create an authorization to associate the private hosted zone in Account A with the new VPC in Account B: Private hosted zones need explicit authorization to associate with a VPC in a different account. This ensures that resources in Account B (like the application) can access DNS records from the private hosted zone in Account A.

E: Associate a new VPC in Account B with a hosted zone in Account A: Once the authorization is created, the next step is to associate the VPC in Account B with the private hosted zone in Account A. This allows the EC2 instances in Account B to resolve DNS queries to db.example.com, ensuring proper communication between the application and the RDS instance.

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QUESTION: 15

A company used Amazon EC2 instances to deploy a web fleet to host a blog site. The EC2 instances are behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and are configured in an Auto Scaling group. The web application stores all blog content on an Amazon EFS volume.

The company recently added a feature for bloggers to add video to their posts, attracting 10 times the previous user traffic. At peak times of day, users report buffering and timeout issues while attempting to reach the site or watch videos.

Which is the MOST cost-efficient and scalable deployment that will resolve the issues for users?

Reconfigure Amazon EFS to enable maximum I/O.
Update the blog site to use instance store volumes for storage. Copy the site contents to the volumes at launch and to Amazon S3 at shutdown.
Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Point the distribution to an S3 bucket, and migrate the videos from EFS to Amazon S3.
Set up an Amazon CloudFront distribution for all site contents, and point the distribution at the ALB.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

C) Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Point the distribution to an S3 bucket, and migrate the videos from EFS to Amazon S3 is the correct answer because Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) that can cache static and dynamic content closer to the users, significantly reducing latency and improving performance for video streaming. Migrating the video content from Amazon EFS to Amazon S3 provides cost-effective storage for large objects like videos, while CloudFront ensures fast and efficient delivery. This solution also scales automatically with increased traffic, making it the most cost-efficient and scalable option.

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QUESTION: 16

A company with global offices has a single 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to a single AWS Region. The company’s on-premises network uses the connection to communicate with the company’s resources in the AWS Cloud. The connection has a single private virtual interface that connects to a single VPC.

A solutions architect must implement a solution that adds a redundant Direct Connect connection in the same Region. The solution also must provide connectivity to other Regions through the same pair of Direct Connect connections as the company expands into other Regions.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Provision a Direct Connect gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to the single VPC.
Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new private virtual interface to the single VPC.
Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new public virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new public virtual interface to the single VP
Provision a transit gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the transit gateway. Associate the transit gateway with the single VPC.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

A. Provision a Direct Connect gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to the single VPC is the correct solution because it provides redundancy and future-proofing for connectivity to other AWS Regions.

Using a Direct Connect gateway enables access to multiple VPCs across different AWS Regions using the same Direct Connect connections. Deleting the existing private virtual interface and creating new private virtual interfaces on both connections ensures that the setup is aligned with the Direct Connect gateway, providing resilience and scalability as the company expands into other Regions.

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QUESTION: 16

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