Amazon DEA-C01 Exam Prep
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 (Page 3 )

• Amazon EMR is the best fit because it provides managed clusters that can run the same big-data frameworks you already use on-premises (e.g., Pig, Oozie, Apache Spark, Apache HBase, Apache Flink). This lets you migrate to AWS with similar performance characteristics while reducing operational overhead.
• EMR offers on-demand, scalable clusters and can be integrated with serverless-like patterns (for example, via EMR on EKS or Step Functions) to minimize ongoing maintenance.
• Why not Glue or Lambda?

• Shared capacity

• Fabric capacity — F SKUs

• Fabric trial capacity

• Existing Power BI Premium — P SKUs

• A. IDS attack signatures: Detects suspicious network activity, but is not primarily designed to scan uploaded files for malware.
• C. Load balancer: Distributes traffic among servers and improves availability; it does not inspect files for threats.
• D. WAF: Protects web applications from attacks such as SQL injection and command injection, but its primary role is not malware scanning of uploaded documents.

• C — Some risks cannot be eliminated.

• D — Accepting residual risk does not imply recklessness.

• E — Most companies in this industry will say something similar.

• Honeypots: Decoy systems designed to attract attackers. Legitimate users should not access them, so activity there is a strong indication of unauthorized access.
• DNS sinkholes: Redirect requests for known malicious domains to a controlled internal destination instead of the real attacker infrastructure. Security teams can then identify infected systems making those requests.

• Tokenization: Replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive tokens; it protects data but does not detect intruders.
• CI/CD: Software development and deployment processes.
• Threat modeling: Identifies potential threats before or during system design, rather than detecting successful infiltration.
• Data obfuscation: Makes information harder to understand, but is not an attacker-detection mechanism.

• Complete MFA, or
• Securely change their password

• Identity Protection: evaluates user and sign-in risk and can trigger remediation.
• Privileged Identity Management (PIM): manages temporary, just-in-time access to privileged roles; it does not automatically require password changes for risky sign-ins.

• Base table — the table containing common inherited fields
• Parent table — the table directly extended by the child
• Other tables in the hierarchy

• Amazon EC2 instances — ???????? ?? ?? ??????? CPU, memory ??? instance size ???????? ???????
• AWS Lambda functions — memory configuration ?????????? ???????
• Amazon EBS volumes — volume type ?? size optimize ???? ???????
• ??????? ECS workloads — resource configuration ? cost optimization-?? ???????

• Memory ? compute usage ?????????? ???? custom code ????? ???? development ? maintenance ??????
• Cost allocation tags ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???; inefficient resource ??????? ?? recommendation ???? ???
• CloudTrail resource ???? ?? API activity ??????, resource utilization ????

• Microsoft Purview portal: Create and manage sensitivity labels and configure support for sensitivity labels used with Office files in SharePoint and OneDrive.
• SharePoint admin center: Primarily manages SharePoint settings. Older guidance and PowerShell procedures used SharePoint tenant configuration, which can make this question confusing.
• IRM: Concerns Information Rights Management and is a separate protection mechanism; it should not be used to identify the portal for configuring Microsoft Purview sensitivity labels.

• Outer packet: 10.5.1.1 > 52.165.16.154
• IPv4 protocol field: 41, which indicates IPv6 encapsulation
• Inner packet: IPv6 traffic between 2001:... addresses

• MAC address spoofing: Changes Layer 2 addressing; it does not explain the IPv6-in-IPv4 structure.
• Steganography: Hides data inside files or media, not visibly in a tunneled protocol.
• Broken encryption: No evidence of encryption being cracked.
• On-path sniffing: Involves intercepting traffic, not sending data to an external host.

• Disable high concurrency: Changes workspace-wide behavior and is not the targeted way to isolate these workloads.
• Modify the number of executors: Adjusts capacity and performance, but does not provide workload isolation.
• Set the default environment: Controls libraries and runtime configuration, not compute isolation.

• What information each stakeholder needs
• When and how often it should be communicated
• Which format or channel should be used
• Who is responsible for communicating it

• A: The team should not decide stakeholder communications without first checking the established plan and CEO’s needs.
• B: An executive summary may be appropriate, but choosing a solution before reviewing the plan is premature.
• D: The stakeholder engagement plan addresses how to engage stakeholders, but this is primarily a communication planning issue.

• Training data for potential bias before model training
• Trained models for bias in predictions
• Model features to help explain how they influence predictions

• A: RAG workflows are typically built using services such as Amazon Bedrock, knowledge bases, and data sources.
• B: Monitoring model quality in production is primarily associated with SageMaker Model Monitor.
• C: Documenting model details is handled by capabilities such as SageMaker Model Cards.

• transform() — modifies every element in an array
• filter() — keeps elements matching a condition
• exists() — checks whether any element matches
• aggregate() — reduces array elements to one result

sql 
SELECT transform(scores, x -> x * 2) 
FROM student_scores;

• A is incorrect because higher-order functions are mainly useful for nested or complex data.
• B is incorrect because they do not convert logic into Python.
• D is incorrect because their purpose is not to fix slow built-in functions, but to process arrays or maps with custom logic.

• Sales processes: Define the available Opportunity stages for each team.
• Record types: Connect each team to its appropriate sales process and page layout.
• Page layouts: Control which fields and related sections each team sees.

• Solar market team 1
• Solar market team 2
• Installation Services team

• One sales process: Cannot provide different Opportunity stages for each team.
• One page layout: Cannot provide different field arrangements or fields by team.
• Three page layouts alone: Page layouts control fields, but not the available stages.

• Penetration test: Tests for exploitable vulnerabilities; it does not provide a broad opinion on whether security controls operate effectively.
• Annual self-assessment: Not independent, so it provides less assurance.
• Allow each client the right to audit: Inefficient because every customer may conduct a separate audit, creating duplicated effort and disruption.

• Third-party attestation: Provides independent validation, but is typically periodic and performed by an external party.
• Penetration testing: Simulates attacks to identify exploitable vulnerabilities; it does not primarily track compliance.
• Vulnerability scans: Identify technical weaknesses, but do not provide a detailed review of procedures or compliance activities.

• Defender for Servers is the Defender for Cloud plan that protects Azure VMs and generates security alerts that can be reviewed in Defender for Cloud.
• Azure Diagnostics extension collects guest OS monitoring data, but it does not onboard VMs to Defender for Cloud or provide Defender security alerts.
• Data connectors are used for Sentinel integrations.
• Azure Storage Analytics and workflow automation do not provide VM protection.

• Measurement bias: Errors in how features or labels are measured, such as unreliable camera data or inconsistent labeling.
• Observer bias: A human evaluator’s subjective judgment influencing observations or labels.
• Confirmation bias: Favoring information that supports an existing belief.

• Verifies the sender’s identity using their private key.
• Confirms the transaction was not altered after signing.
• Provides evidence that the signer approved or originated the transaction.

• Digital certificates: Bind an identity to a public key, but do not themselves prove that a specific transaction was signed.
• Encrypted passwords: Protect confidentiality or authentication, but generally do not provide transaction-level nonrepudiation.
• One-time passwords: Authenticate a user for a session or transaction, but usually do not provide durable proof of who authorized the electronic record.

• Highly polished, organization-wide presentations
• Advanced dashboard design and customization
• Broader business-user distribution and interaction
• Specialized BI governance and modeling features

• Business risks
• Potential financial, operational, legal, or reputational impact
• How governance reduces risk to organizational objectives
• How much risk the organization is willing to accept

• Limiting the number of MAC addresses allowed on a switch port
• Restricting ports to specific known MAC addresses
• Taking an action—such as dropping frames or shutting down the port—when the limit is exceeded

• Load balancer: Distributes application traffic; it does not protect switch MAC tables.
• IPS: May detect some attack traffic, but is not the primary control for switch-port MAC limits.
• NGFW: Filters network traffic at the firewall, but does not directly control MAC addresses learned by a switch.

• FTP — Transfers files using a client/server model and supports authentication. It uses separate control and data connections.
• TFTP — A very simple file-transfer protocol with no authentication and minimal features. Commonly used to transfer router or switch configuration files and IOS images.
• SCP — Securely copies files over SSH. It provides encryption and authentication.
• SFTP — Also transfers files securely through SSH, but provides more file-management capabilities than traditional SCP.
• HTTP/HTTPS — Primarily web protocols, but can also download files; HTTPS encrypts the session.

• TFTP = simple, unauthenticated file transfer
• FTP = file transfer with authentication, but not inherently encrypted
• SCP/SFTP = secure file transfer using SSH

• Self-signed certificate: Causes a browser security warning, not incorrect name resolution.
• Nameserver record: A DNS problem would typically affect multiple users, not just one workstation.
• IP helper: Relays services such as DHCP across network segments; it does not resolve website names.

• 10 minutes have elapsed, or
• 20 MB of accounting data has accumulated

Manager role

DAX 
Country[Manager] = USERPRINCIPALNAME()

• Sales
• Human Resources

CFO role

• See sales for all countries
• See no Human Resources data

• Do not restrict the Country table or Sales table.
• Apply a filter to Human Resources that always returns false, such as:

DAX 
FALSE()

• Install unauthorized or unapproved applications
• Access system areas normally restricted
• Add features unavailable in the default software
• Modify the device’s operating system

• SQL injection (SQLi): Attacks databases by inserting malicious SQL commands.
• Cross-site scripting (XSS): Injects malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users.
• Sideloading: Installs an application from outside the official app store, but it does not necessarily remove the phone’s operating-system restrictions.

• Due diligence: Investigating and evaluating a third party before entering a business relationship.
• Attestation: An independent auditor’s examination and formal report—such as the SOC 2 report itself. The analyst is reviewing the attestation, not performing it.
• Internal audit: Examines the organization’s own processes and controls.
• Penetration testing: Actively tests systems for exploitable vulnerabilities.

• Transport and handling
• Storage and warehousing
• Refrigeration
• Shelf-stacking or replenishment
• Other costs directly attributable to product P

bash 
OTEL_SERVICE_NAME=foundry-agent

bash 
OTEL_SERVICE_NAME=langchain-service

python 
import os 


os.environ["OTEL_SERVICE_NAME"] = "langchain-service" 


from azure.ai.openai... # import your tracing components 
from azure.monitor.opentelemetry import configure_azure_monitor 


configure_azure_monitor( 
    connection_string=os.environ["APPLICATIONINSIGHTS_CONNECTION_STRING"] 
)

• Agent application: OTEL_SERVICE_NAME=foundry-agent
• LangChain application: OTEL_SERVICE_NAME=langchain-service

1. Which host originated the infection
2. Whether each other host is clean or infected
3. Which firewall or host logs provide evidence of the infection’s movement

• Find the earliest infection-related event. The host associated with that event is the likely origin.
• Follow the timeline: outbound connections from that host may indicate propagation or command-and-control activity.
• A host receiving suspicious traffic is not automatically infected; look for evidence that it executed or initiated malicious activity.
• A firewall log can show traffic paths, but endpoint logs are usually needed to confirm infection.
• Mark a host clean only when the logs show no indicators of compromise or malicious activity.

• Regression predicts continuous numeric outcomes, such as house price, temperature, or sales amount.
• Linear regression assumes the target can be estimated from a linear relationship between the input features and the target.
• In Azure Machine Learning, you use a labeled dataset containing:

• Classification predicts a category or class, such as “spam” or “not spam.”
• Clustering groups similar records without a known label; it is an unsupervised learning technique.

• Accept terms of use
• Enter a temporary code or credentials
• Provide basic registration information

• Enterprise authentication — Authenticates organizational users, often with centralized identity services; it is not specifically designed for temporary guest access.
• Ad hoc network — A temporary device-to-device network, not an authentication process.
• WPA3 — A wireless security standard. It protects Wi-Fi access but does not provide the web-based temporary access workflow described here.

• B. Deploy to a SageMaker endpoint: This is needed for SageMaker-hosted models, not for a model intended to be used directly in Amazon Bedrock.
• C. Register with SageMaker Model Registry: SageMaker Model Registry is unrelated to invoking custom models in Bedrock.
• D. Grant access in Bedrock: Access permissions may be necessary, but they do not replace the required provisioned capacity.

• A is valid:

apex 
  for (Account theAccount : AccountList) { 
      // process theAccount 
  }

• D is conceptually valid, using an index:

apex 
  for (Integer i = 0; i < AccountList.size(); i++) { 
      Account theAccount = AccountList[i]; 
  }

• B is invalid because for(AccountList) is not valid loop syntax.
• C is invalid because each item is an Account, not a List.

• Warehouse size: Larger warehouses use more credits per unit of time than smaller ones.
• Number of clusters: A multi-cluster warehouse can run multiple clusters, and each active cluster consumes credits. Therefore, increasing the maximum or active cluster count can increase consumption.

• Number of users: More users may cause more workload, but users themselves do not consume credits.
• Amount of data processed: Snowflake warehouses are not charged directly by the amount of data scanned. However, processing more data may cause the warehouse to run longer, indirectly increasing credits.

• Unrestricted data mining: Data mining is not automatically a privacy violation. It becomes an issue when personal data is collected or used improperly.
• Identity theft: This is a possible consequence of inadequate privacy protection, but it is not the central focus of privacy regulations.
• Human rights protection: Privacy can be considered a human right, but this option is broader than the specific regulatory focus.
• Identifiable personal data: Regulations such as HIPAA focus directly on controlling the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of personal information.

• Act as the default gateway for devices in that VLAN
• Route traffic between different VLANs
• Provide management access to the switch

text 
interface vlan 10 
 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

• Determine risk tolerance: Tolerance defines how much variation or exposure the organization is willing to accept. Scenarios may help apply tolerance, but they do not primarily determine it.
• Determine risk appetite: Risk appetite is established at an enterprise or governance level. Scenarios help compare risks with the appetite; they do not normally establish it.
• Develop risk responses: Once risks are identified and assessed, scenarios support response planning. However, response development comes later.

• A — Increased call deflection: o KCS disponibiliza conhecimento reutilizável para clientes e agentes, ajudando a resolver dúvidas sem abrir ou continuar chamadas.
• C — Reduced issue resolution time: os representantes reutilizam artigos e soluções já documentadas, acelerando o atendimento.
• E — Optimized use of resources: o conhecimento compartilhado reduz retrabalho e melhora o uso dos recursos da equipe.

• Configure row-level security (RLS) using the sales region and the HR manager’s identity.
• Publish the reports and datasets through a Power BI app.
• Grant the HR managers permission to use the app, but do not add them as workspace members.
• App users can view and interact with reports while RLS limits them to their region.
• They cannot modify the report layout because they do not have workspace editing permissions.

• Adding them to the workspace gives them workspace permissions that may allow report or dataset changes, depending on the assigned role.
• Creating copies is unnecessary and creates maintenance and security problems.
• Hosting datasets and reports in different workspaces does not, by itself, provide the required controlled access.

• A class/teacher fact should contain one row per Class ID. It can support the count of classes and contain attributes such as Teacher First Name and Period Number.
• An attendance fact should contain one row per attendance event, such as Class ID + student + date. It supports attendance counts by day and monthly averages.

• Teacher First Name ? Teacher fact
• Period Number ? Attendance fact

• Incident and problem management
• Change management
• Service-level management
• Configuration management
• Continual improvement

• Kanban: A workflow and task-visualization method; useful within service teams but not a complete service-management framework.
• Lean Six Sigma: Focuses on reducing waste and process variation; broader process-improvement methodology.
• ITSM: The overall discipline of managing IT services, not a specific framework or process model.

• Disabling a compromised account
• Blocking a malicious IP address
• Isolating an endpoint
• Creating or escalating an incident ticket

• Virus signatures: Primarily associated with antivirus or endpoint protection.
• Security agent deployment: Usually handled by endpoint-management or security-agent platforms.
• Vulnerability scanning: Typically performed by vulnerability-management tools.

• Actions that call external APIs
• Subflows
• Connection and credential aliases
• Supporting integration logic

• Action — A reusable operation within a flow, such as “Create a record” or “Send email.”
• Connection — Defines how ServiceNow authenticates and communicates with an external system.
• Integration step — A general flow step, not the name for the packaged integration.

• Filtering harmful or inappropriate content
• Blocking specified topics
• Detecting and masking sensitive information
• Enforcing content policies suitable for children

• Amazon Rekognition analyzes images and videos; it does not control text generated by a language model.
• Amazon Bedrock playgrounds are for testing models and prompts, not enforcing production safety policies.
• Agents for Amazon Bedrock help models complete tasks and use tools; they do not primarily provide content-safety controls.

1. Wireless AP

1. Router

1. Firewall

1. Device placement