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Free CTFL4 Exam Braindumps (page: 19)

Page 18 of 38
PDF with 148 Questions

Mark the correct sentences:
* Defects are a result of environmental conditions and are also referred to as "Failures"
* A human mistake may produce a defect
* A system mil totally fail to operate correctly when a failure exists in it
* When a defect exists in a system it may result in a failure
* Defects occur only as a result of technology changes

  1. II, IV
  2. I, II
  3. IV, V
  4. II, III, IV

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The question is about marking the correct sentences among the given statements related to defects, failures, and mistakes. According to the ISTQB glossary, the definitions of these terms are1:
Defect: A flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function, e.g. an incorrect statement or data definition. A defect, if encountered during execution, may cause a failure of the component or system. Failure: An event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits.
Mistake: A human action that produces an incorrect result. Therefore, out of the five given statements, only two are correct, namely:
A human mistake may produce a defect: This is true, as a mistake is a source or cause of a defect, e.g. a programmer may make a mistake in writing a code statement, which results in a defect in the software component.
When a defect exists in a system it may result in a failure: This is true, as a defect is a potential or actual cause of a failure, e.g. a defect in the software component may cause the system to fail to perform a required function when the defect is encountered during execution.
The other three statements are incorrect, namely:
Defects are a result of environmental conditions and are also referred to as "Failures": This is false, as defects are not a result of environmental conditions, but of mistakes or other factors, and defects are not the same as failures, but rather the causes of failures. A system will totally fail to operate correctly when a failure exists in it: This is false, as a system may not necessarily fail completely or stop operating when a failure occurs, but may continue to operate with reduced functionality or performance, or with incorrect results. Defects occur only as a result of technology changes: This is false, as defects can occur due to various reasons, not only technology changes, such as human mistakes, design flaws, requirement changes, hardware failures, etc.


Reference:

1: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms 4.0, 2023, available at ISTQB) and ASTQB).



Can "cost" be regarded as Exit criteria?

  1. Yes. Spending too much money on test ng will result in an unprofitable product, and having cost as an exit criterion helps avoid this
  2. No. The financial value of product quality cannot be estimated, so it is incorrect to use cost as an exit criterion
  3. Yes. Going by cost as an exit criterion constrains the testing project which will hello achieve the desired quality level defined for the project
  4. No The cost of testing cannot be measured effectively, so it is incorrect to use cost as an exit criterion

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Cost can be regarded as an exit criterion for testing, because it is a factor that affects the profitability and feasibility of the software product. Testing is an investment that aims to improve the quality and reliability of the software product, but it also consumes resources, such as time, money, and human effort. Therefore, testing should be planned and executed in a way that balances the cost and benefit of testing activities. Having cost as an exit criterion helps to avoid spending too much money on testing, which may result in an unprofitable product or a loss of competitive advantage. Cost can also help to prioritize and focus the testing efforts on the most critical and valuable features and functions of the software product. However, cost should not be the only exit criterion for testing, as it may not reflect the true quality and risk level of the software product. Other exit criteria, such as defect rate, test coverage, user satisfaction, etc., should also be considered and defined in the test plan. The other options are incorrect, because they either deny the importance of cost as an exit criterion, or they make false or unrealistic assumptions about the cost of testing. Option B is incorrect, because the financial value of product quality can be estimated, for example, by using cost-benefit analysis, return on investment, or cost of quality models. Option C is incorrect, because going by cost as an exit criterion does not necessarily constrain the testing project or help achieve the desired quality level. Cost is a relative and variable factor that depends on the scope, complexity, and context of the software product and the testing project. Option D is incorrect, because the cost of testing can be measured effectively, for example, by using metrics, such as test effort, test resources, test tools, test environment, etc.



A typical objective of testing is to

  1. Determine the most appropriate level of detail with which to design test cases.
  2. Verify the compliance of the test object with regulatory requirements.
  3. Plan test activities in accordance with the existing test policy and test strategy
  4. Verify the correct creation and configuration of the test environment

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

One of the primary objectives of testing is to ensure that the software or system being tested meets all regulatory requirements. This is crucial in many industries where compliance with laws and standards is mandatory. According to the ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0, testing aims to evaluate the quality of the software product and verify that it complies with specified requirements, including regulatory requirements .



Which of the following is an advantage of the whole team approach?

  1. It helps avoid the risk of tasks associated with a user story not moving through the Agile task board at an acceptable rate during an iteration.
  2. It helps team members understand the current status of an iteration by visualising the amount of work left to do compared to the time allotted for the iteration
  3. It helps the whole team be more effective in test case design by requiring all team members to master all types of test techniques.
  4. It helps team members develop better relationships with each other and make their collaboration more effective for the benefit of the project.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The whole team approach, often advocated in Agile methodologies, emphasizes collaboration and collective responsibility among all team members. This approach enhances the relationships within the team and improves overall collaboration, which in turn benefits the project's success. According to the ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0, the whole team approach fosters better communication and cooperation, leading to more effective problem-solving and higher-quality outcomes .






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