What is the nonce-field in a transaction?
Answer(s): B
If you send off a transaction, then several fields have to be set. These include: • nonce: It is a sequence number for the sending account which counteracts replay attacks • gasprice: price offered to pay per gas • startgas: upper limit for the gas consumption • to: destination address (EoA or contract address) • value: Ether to transfer • data: Data to transfer • v, r, s: ECDA signature.
Ethereum currently uses the ____________Consensus Algo and in the future it is planned to go to the ____________ Consensus Algo?
https://coingape.com/ethereum-founder-vitalik-buterin-consensus-algorithm-fight-attacks/
In Ethereum how is the block difficulty determined in Ethereum?
Answer(s): A
At the time of writing these lines, the Ethereum Blockchain still runs on Proof of Work. When a block is mined, the miner node selects some transactions from a pool of pending transactions. Usually they are sorted by how much gas they would bring in. These transactions are executed and incorporated in the new block. But a block also contains two very important parameters: a difficulty and a timestamp. The difficulty regulates how hard it is to find a block by the miner. The mining time is set to be between 10 and 20 seconds. If it’s beyond 20 seconds, the difficulty is too high and will be automatically lowered going forward. If the mining happens below 10 seconds, then the difficulty increases. The timestamp is the time when a miner found the block. It is not automatically derived, rather it is set by the miner itself and can thus be influenced to a certain degree. The timestamp does not depend on the time zone, as it’s the standard Unix timestamp.
In regards to understanding the Ethereum Virtual Machine what statement is true?
Answer(s): D
The EVM is basically a sandboxed virtual machine running on every single node. It is Turing complete and a transaction-based state machine. The nodes reach consensus by executing all transactions. Only the miner node gets the block reward, all other nodes are just checking if the miner was “honest”.
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