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Free CFA® Sustainable-Investing Exam Questions (page: 15)

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PDF with 802 Questions

Which of the following best summarizes the studies on carbon risk?

  1. Companies with lower levels of CO2 emissions are associated with higher returns
  2. Companies with higher levels of CO2 emissions are associated with higher returns
  3. There is no conclusive evidence on the link between a company's level of CO2 emissions and returns

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Studies on carbon risk have not provided conclusive evidence linking a company's level of CO2 emissions directly to financial returns.
While some studies suggest that companies with lower emissions may be better positioned for long-term success due to regulatory and market shifts, other research indicates that the relationship is complex and influenced by various factors. Therefore, it is not universally accepted that lower emissions consistently correlate with higher returns, nor that higher emissions necessarily lead to higher returns.

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Which of the following projects are most likely to be financed in the green bond market?

  1. Real estate projects
  2. Manufacturing projects
  3. Communications technology projects

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

In the green bond market, projects that are most likely to be financed include those that have clear environmental benefits. Real estate projects, especially those focusing on energy efficiency, sustainable building practices, and reducing carbon footprints, align well with the objectives of green bonds. These projects can include the development of green buildings, retrofitting existing structures to improve energy efficiency, and incorporating renewable energy sources.



A materiality assessment to identify ESG issues impacting a company's financial performance is most likely measured in terms of:

  1. likelihood only.
  2. magnitude of impact only.
  3. both likelihood and magnitude of impact.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

A materiality assessment to identify ESG issues impacting a company's financial performance is most effectively measured in terms of both likelihood and magnitude of impact. This approach provides a comprehensive view of potential risks and opportunities by evaluating how likely anissue is to occur and the extent of its potential impact on financial performance. This dual assessment helps in prioritizing ESG issues that are both probable and significant in their effects.



Which of the following is one of the five main drivers of nature change described by the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)?

  1. Ecosystem services
  2. Invasive alien species
  3. Transmission channels

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) identifies invasive alien species as one of the five main drivers of nature change. These species can significantly disrupt ecosystems, outcompete native species, and lead to biodiversity loss. Understanding and managing the impact of invasive alien species is crucial for maintaining ecosystem health and resilience.



Company reporting and transparency are led by the:

  1. board
  2. auditor
  3. management team

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Company reporting and transparency are primarily led by the management team. They are responsible for ensuring accurate and comprehensive disclosures, which are then overseen by the audit committee and the board. The management team's role includes preparing reports, implementing internal controls, and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. The audit committee and the board provide oversight and ensure that the reports are fair, balanced, and understandable, while the auditor offers independent verification.



In which of the following circumstances is Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) most applicable?

  1. Members agreeing to a social media platform's privacy policy
  2. Company constructing a fish farm next to a native waterfront community
  3. Governments passing international standards against forced labor practices

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) is most applicable in situations where developments or projects affect indigenous peoples and their lands. For example, if a company plans to construct a fish farm next to a native waterfront community, it must obtain FPIC from the community. This ensures that the community is adequately informed about the project, has the opportunity to voice their concerns, and consents to the project without any coercion.

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In response to policy changes, several of the world's largest automakers made pledges to halt producing cars with internal combustion engines by 2035.
Which of the following would an asset manager most appropriately use to address this trend?

  1. Factor risk asset allocation model
  2. Liability-driven asset allocation model
  3. Regime switching asset allocation model

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The regime switching asset allocation model is most appropriate for addressing the trend of major automakers pledging to halt the production of internal combustion engine cars by 2035. This model allows asset managers to adapt to different market regimes, which is crucial given the significant shift in the automotive industry due to policy changes and the transition to electric vehicles. The ability to switch between different allocation strategies based on prevailingeconomic and market conditions helps manage risks and capitalize on emerging opportunities related to the automotive industry's transformation.



Which of the following would most likely see its estimate of intrinsic value increased by analysts?

  1. A company with high climate-related risk
  2. A company facing significant environmental regulations
  3. A company having launched a service that reduces customers' electricity usage

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

A company that has launched a service to reduce customers' electricity usage is likely to see its intrinsic value increased by analysts. This is because such a service directly addresses the growing demand for energy efficiency and sustainability. The MSCI ESG Ratings Methodology highlights that companies which can capitalize on opportunities related to environmental efficiency and innovation are likely to benefit from a better risk and return profile. This aligns with the broader trend towards sustainability and the reduction of energy consumption, making the company more attractive to investors focused on long-term value creation.



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