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Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Questions 531–535 (page: 108)

Updated On: 10-Feb-2026

Which two actions are performed by the Weighted Random Early Detection mechanism? (Choose two.)

  1. It supports protocol discovery.
  2. It guarantees the delivery of high-priority packets.
  3. It can identify different flows with a high level of granularity.
  4. It can mitigate congestion by preventing the queue from filling up.
  5. It drops lower-priority packets before it drops higher-priority packets.

Answer(s): D,E

Explanation:

Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) is just a congestion avoidance mechanism. WRED drops packets selectively based on IP precedence. Edge routers assign IP precedences to packets as they enter the network. When a packet arrives, the following events occur:
1. The average queue size is calculated.
2. If the average is less than the minimum queue threshold, the arriving packet is queued.
3. If the average is between the minimum queue threshold for that type of traffic and the maximum threshold for the interface, the packet is either dropped or queued, depending on the packet drop probability for that type of traffic.
4. If the average queue size is greater than the maximum threshold, the packet is dropped.
WRED reduces the chances of tail drop (when the queue is full, the packet is dropped) by selectively dropping packets when the output interface begins to show signs of congestion (thus it can mitigate congestion by preventing the queue from filling up). By dropping some packets early rather than waiting until the queue is full, WRED avoids dropping large numbers of packets at once and minimizes the chances of global synchronization. Thus, WRED allows the transmission line to be used fully at all times.
WRED generally drops packets selectively based on IP precedence. Packets with a higher IP precedence are less likely to be dropped than packets with a lower precedence. Thus, the higher the priority of a packet, the higher the probability that the packet will be delivered.


Reference:

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/qos_conavd/configuration/15-mt/qos-conavd-15-mt-book/qos-conavd-cfg-wred.html



Refer to the exhibit. An engineer configured NAT translations and has verified that the configuration is correct. Which IP address is the source IP after the NAT has taken place?

  1. 10.4.4.4
  2. 10.4.4.5
  3. 172.23.103.10
  4. 172.23.104.4

Answer(s): D



If a notice-level message is sent to a syslog server, which event has occurred?

  1. A network device has restarted.
  2. A debug operation is running.
  3. A routing instance has flapped.
  4. An ARP inspection has failed.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Usually no action is required when a route flaps so it generates the notification syslog level message (level 5).



DRAG DROP (Drag and Drop is not supported)
Drag and drop the functions from the left onto the correct network components on the right.
Select and Place:

  1. See Explanation section for answer.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:



Which two tasks must be performed to configure NTP to a trusted server in client mode on a single network device? (Choose two.)

  1. Enable NTP authentication.
  2. Verify the time zone.
  3. Specify the IP address of the NTP server.
  4. Set the NTP server private key.
  5. Disable NTP broadcasts.

Answer(s): A,C

Explanation:

To configure authentication, perform this task in privileged mode:
Step 1: Configure an authentication key pair for NTP and specify whether the key will be trusted or untrusted.
Step 2: Set the IP address of the NTP server and the public key.
Step 3: Enable NTP client mode.
Step 4: Enable NTP authentication.
Step 5: Verify the NTP configuration.


Reference:

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst4000/8-2glx/configuration/guide/ntp.html



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