Refer to the exhibit. A company uses PIM-SM multicast with IGMPv2 to stream training videos from a server in network 192.168.1.2/24 to hosts that reside in 192.168.4. The company is implementing SSM to improve efficiency within Layer 2. Which task should the engineer perform to allow hosts to dynamically register to a multicast group when reaching the server at 192.168.1.2?
Answer(s): D
Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) improves multicast efficiency by allowing hosts to specify both the multicast group and the source from which they want to receive traffic. IGMPv3 is required for SSM because it supports source filtering, enabling hosts to dynamically register to a specific multicast group and source. In this scenario, enabling IGMPv3 on all routers ensures that the multicast traffic from the server at 192.168.1.2 can be delivered efficiently to the host network 192.168.4.0/24.
According to RFC5305 on IS-1S extensions for traffic engineering, what is the 4-octet sub-TLV type 10 of extended IS-IS reachability TLV type 22?
Answer(s): A
According to RFC 5305, the 4-octet sub-TLV type 10 within the extended IS-IS reachability TLV type 22 is used to represent the administrative group, often referred to as "color." This sub-TLV is a 4-octet bitmap used intraffic engineering to specify link attributes or constraints, allowing traffic to be directed based on specific policies or requirements. This is commonly used in MPLS-TE and other traffic engineering applications.
Refer to the exhibit. A junior network engineer has been configuring OSPF on two directly connected routers, R1 and R2, to establish a neighbor adjacency. The engineer also configured ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 GigabitEthernet 10.10.10.1 on R1 to allow inbound management. After the initial configuration, the adjacency failed to form. The engineer changed the cost and area type under the OSPF configuration on R1, but the problem persists. Which action must the engineer take to resolve the issue?
Answer(s): C
From the exhibit, R1 is configured with a network type of Point-to-Multipoint, while R2 is configured with a network type of Broadcast. For OSPF adjacency to form, the network types on both sides must match.Changing the network type on R2 to Point-to-Multipoint will ensure compatibility with R1, resolving the adjacency issue.
Refer to the exhibit. An engineer with an employee ID: 1234:56:789 started to configure two routers for OSPF for a client. They are advertising their loopback addresses. Which additional configuration must the engineer perform so that the GigabitEthernet link is preferred and the GigabitEthernet link is a backup?
In OSPF, the link with the lower cost is preferred for routing traffic. By manually setting the OSPF cost of the GigabitEthernet interface to 64 on both Router 1 and Router 2, the engineer ensures that this link is preferred for routing traffic. The GigabitEthernet interface will act as a backup because it retains the default cost, which is higher than 64. This achieves the desired configuration where the GigabitEthernet link is the primary path, and the GigabitEthernet link is a backup.
Company A must increase throughput between two non-IEEE 802.3ad switches located in the access and distribution layers. A network engineer must create a link group with the same speed and duplex. The STP protocol must not block any of the group ports. Which action completes the implementation?
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), defined in IEEE 802.3ad, allows bundling multiple physical interfaces into a single logical link to increase throughput and provide redundancy. Configuring LACP in "mode active" ensures that all bundled links are utilized without being blocked by Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). This implementation meets the requirements for consistent speed and duplex while ensuring no STP blocking occurs on the grouped ports.
Refer to the exhibit. During the last maintenance window, the network engineering team performed multiple software upgrades and enabled OSPFv3 for future use. However, when the network came up, the connection between HQ and the remote branch failed. A network engineer determined that routers R1 and R2 failed to establish an OSPFv2 adjacency. R1 was preconfigured with the point-to-point OSPF network type, and R2 as broadcast. The engineer confirmed that all connected interfaces are up, and the routers can reach one another via ICMP. Which action must the engineer take to resolve the issue?
For OSPFv2 adjacencies to form, the hello and dead intervals must match on both routers. The issue in this scenario is that R1 is configured with a point-to-point network type, while R2 is configured as broadcast.These network types have different default hello and dead interval values, causing the adjacency to remain in the INIT state.
Refer to the exhibit, R1 is connected to multiple BGP-enabled routers that are located in different autonomous systems. R1 has been configured with a BGP neighbor configuration, and all next hops are reachable with the ICMP protocol. A network engineer is examining traffic flow to the FTP server with IP address 134.44.14.10 to support a policy map implementation. The solution should require the minimum possible configuration changes. What should the engineer do to influence the best path route selection algorithm to forward all traffic from R1 via next-hop R2 with IP address 10.114.21.1?
Answer(s): B
BGP weight is a local attribute used by Cisco routers to influence the best path selection process. It is applied locally on a router and does not propagate to other routers. By assigning a higher weight to the path via R2 (next-hop 10.114.21.1), R1 can be configured to prefer this path for forwarding traffic to the FTP server at 134.44.14.10.This approach requires minimal changes since the weight attribute is only configured locally on R1 and does not affect the BGP configuration or routing behavior of other routers in the network.
Under which circumstance does BGP ignore the best-path algorithm after receiving multiple routes to a destination?
BGP ignores the best-path algorithm if the next hop of a route is unreachable. BGP relies on the IGP to verify the reachability of the next hop. If the next hop is not reachable, the route is not considered for selection, regardless of the other attributes.This ensures that the router does not advertise or attempt to use routes that are invalid due to an unreachable next hop.
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