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International Certificate in Wealth and Investment Management Questions 21–25 (page: 6)

Updated On: 10-Feb-2026

Performance attribution analysis attempts to explain why a portfolio had a certain return. It does so by breaking down the performance and attributing the results based on the decisions made by the fund manager on which of the following?

  1. Asset allocation alone
  2. Asset allocation and sector choice only
  3. The combination of asset allocation, sector choice and security selection
  4. The combination of asset allocation, sector choice, security selection and risk analysis

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Performance attribution analysis explains a portfolio's return by examining the fund manager's decisions in terms of asset allocation, sector choice, and security selection. These factors help identify which decisions added or detracted value relative to a benchmark.



Shareholder protection ensures sufficient funds are available to purchase the shareholding of a major shareholder on their death. It does this by:

  1. investing in the shares of the company
  2. providing term assurance to all of the company's employees
  3. establishing a policy on each of the shareholding director's lives
  4. being written into the Articles of Association

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Shareholder protection typically involves establishing a life insurance policy on each of the shareholding directors' lives. In the event of a shareholder's death, the proceeds provide the remaining shareholders with the funds needed to buy the deceased's shares, ensuring business continuity and fair value for the estate.



The supply curve for an industry would be expected to shift to the left if:

  1. technology is introduced
  2. the price of raw materials decreased
  3. the price of raw materials increased
  4. competition from firms entering the industry increased

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

An increase in the price of raw materials raises production costs, leading to a decrease in supply at each price level. This causes the supply curve to shift to the left, indicating that producers are willing to supply less at any given price.



What financial principle requires an adviser to gather extensive information from a client before making a recommendation?

  1. Disclosure
  2. Transparency of trading
  3. Risk reduction
  4. Know your customer

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The "Know Your Customer" (KYC) principle requires advisers to gather extensive information about a client's financial situation, objectives, risk tolerance, and needs before making any recommendations. This ensures suitability and compliance with regulatory standards.



To minimise risk and maximise diversification, a portfolio should hold securities with:

  1. negative correlation and high standard deviation
  2. positive correlation and high standard deviation
  3. negative correlation and low standard deviation
  4. positive correlation and low standard deviation

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

To minimise risk and maximise diversification, a portfolio should include securities with negative correlation (so they move in opposite directions) and low standard deviation (indicating low individual volatility). This combination reduces overall portfolio risk.



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