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Scholastic Aptitude Test Exam Questions 433–440 (page: 56)

Updated On: 31-Jul-2026
Page 56 of 117
PDF with 924 Questions

Primarily a strategy to attract the votes of the elderly, the social security adjustment carried great weight among the entire voting public of the day.

  1. Primarily a strategy to attract the votes of the elderly
  2. Primarily a strategy of attracting the votes of the elderly
  3. Primarily the strategy to attract the votes of the elders
  4. Primarily strategic to attracting the votes of the elderly
  5. Primarily elderly voters' votes were attracted

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Why option A is the best choice
Parallel structure & idiom – The phrase “Primarily a strategy to attract the votes of the elderly” follows the standard noun-phrase pattern a strategy to attract …. It uses the collective noun the elderly correctly and keeps the infinitive to attract parallel to the preceding noun strategy. Concise and grammatical – Option A contains no extra words or awkward constructions; it reads smoothly and conforms to conventional English syntax. Precise meaning – The elderly refers specifically to older people as a demographic group, which matches the intended meaning of the sentence.
Why the other options are inferior
B: “Primarily a strategy of attracting the votes of the elderly” – Replaces the infinitive to attract with the gerund attracting, creating a less idiomatic prepositional phrase (of attracting) that disrupts the parallelism with strategy. C. “Primarily the strategy to attract the votes of the elders” – Uses elders, which connotes senior figures or mentors rather than the demographic group the elderly; the article the before strategy is unnecessary and alters the emphasis. D. “Primarily strategic to attracting the votes of the elderly” – Treats strategic as an adjective modifying the infinitive phrase, producing an ungrammatical construction; the correct modifier should be a noun (a strategy), not an adjective. E. “Primarily elderly voters' votes were attracted” – Shifts the voice to passive and changes the focus to elderly voters' votes, losing the original noun-phrase structure and making the sentence clunky.


Reference:

The Chicago Manual of Style – Parallelism and Idiom : https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part3/0300.html Merriam-Webster Dictionary – “the elderly” usage : https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/the%20elderly



The referee halted play in an effort at avoiding serious altercations in the stadium between fans of the opposing teams.

  1. at avoiding serious altercations in the stadium between fans of
  2. at avoiding a serious altercation in the stadium between fans of
  3. to avoid serious altercations in the stadium between fans of
  4. to avoid serious altercations in the stadium between fans on
  5. to avoid serious altercations between fans in the stadium of

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Justification
The verb halted expresses purpose, so the infinitive to avoid correctly introduces the intended result. The phrase must convey the purpose of the referee’s action; therefore to avoid is required, not at avoiding (which is ungrammatical) or any other prepositional form. The noun phrase serious altercations is plural, matching the original context of multiple potential conflicts; the singular a serious altercation (option B) does not reflect this. The preposition between fans of correctly indicates the relationship of the fans to their respective teams; between fans on (option D) is inappropriate because on does not express possession or affiliation. The prepositional phrase in the stadium of (option E) is awkward and incorrect; the stadium is the location of the altercations, not something that “belongs to” the stadium. Option C retains the original prepositional complement between fans of and uses the proper infinitive to avoid , making it the only grammatically and semantically appropriate choice.


Reference:

Cambridge Dictionary – “avoid” : https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/avoid-gerund-or-infinitive Purdue OWL – “Infinitive Phrases” : https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/infinitive_phrases.html



The rock-and-roll band has drawn such huge crowds that required a new security team to determine better methods of providing protection at their concerts.

  1. to determine better methods of providing protection at their concerts
  2. to determine better methods of providing protection at its concerts
  3. to determine better methods for providing protection at its concerts
  4. to determining better methods for providing protection at their concerts
  5. to be determining better methods of providing protection at their concerts

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Justification
The subject of the relative clause is “a new security team” , which is singular; therefore the possessive pronoun must also be singular ( its ). The infinitive phrase must function as an adverbial purpose clause modifying the verb “has drawn” or the overall clause, and it should be introduced by “to” + base verb . Option B – “to determine better methods of providing protection at its concerts” – satisfies both requirements: it uses the singular possessive its and the correct infinitive form to determine . Option A retains the plural possessive their , which does not agree with the singular antecedent team . Option C changes the preposition to for , altering the idiomatic expression “methods of providing” and is therefore less precise. Option D uses the gerund determining , which creates a non-finite verb form that does not function properly as a purpose infinitive in this context. Option E employs the progressive infinitive to be determining , which is unnecessarily complex and not idiomatic for expressing purpose.
Hence, option B is the only choice that is grammatically correct, semantically clear, and stylistically appropriate.


Reference:

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed., §5.215 – “Use a singular possessive pronoun when the antecedent is a singular collective noun.” https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part3/ch15/psec05.html
Merriam-Webster Dictionary, entry on “infinitive of purpose.” https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/infinitive%20of%20purpose



Duncan was a modest and cooperative worker; he demonstrated none of his colleague's ____.

  1. geniality
  2. influence
  3. arrogance
  4. reluctance
  5. humility

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Justification
The stem describes Duncan as modest and cooperative, traits that imply humility, teamwork, and a lack of self-importance. Arrogance (option C) denotes an inflated sense of superiority and disdain for others—directly contrary to modesty and cooperation. Hence, “none of his colleague’s arrogance ” logically completes the sentence, indicating that Duncan did not exhibit the negative quality his peers might possess. Geniality (A) and humility (E) are positive attributes that align with modesty; they would not be described as something to “demonstrate none of,” making them semantically inconsistent. Influence (B) is neutral-to-positive; it does not conflict with modesty, and the phrase “none of his colleague’s influence” is awkward and does not convey a negative contrast. Reluctance (D) suggests unwillingness or hesitation, which is unrelated to the described virtues of modesty and cooperation and therefore does not fit the intended meaning.


Reference:

1. Merriam-Webster Dictionary – arrogance: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/arrogance 2. Cambridge Dictionary – modest: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/modest



The unfortunate demise of the protagonist in the final scene of the movie ____ all possibility of a sequel.

  1. entertained
  2. dissembled
  3. raised
  4. exacerbated
  5. precluded

Answer(s): E

Explanation:

Justification
E – precluded – To preclude is to make something impossible or to exclude it from consideration. In the sentence, “the untimely demise of the protagonist … precluded all possibility of a sequel,” the verb conveys that the character’s death eliminates any chance of a follow-up story, which matches the intended meaning precisely. A – entertained – Entertain suggests providing amusement or consideration; it does not imply elimination, so it would actually suggest the opposite (that a sequel could still be entertained). B – dissembled – Dissemble means to conceal one’s true feelings or intentions; it bears no semantic relation to ending a narrative possibility. C – raised – Raise denotes increase or elevate; using it here would imply that the death increases the chance of a sequel, which contradicts the context. D – exacerbated – Exacerbate means to make a problem or situation worse; while a death might worsen a storyline, the word does not convey the idea of eliminating the possibility altogether.
Therefore, E – precluded is the only choice that accurately expresses the notion that the protagonist’s death excludes any sequel.


Reference:

Merriam-Webster definition of preclude: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/preclude Cambridge Dictionary entry for preclude: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/preclude



The domestic cat of which there are more than 40 breeds, is a member of the feline family.

  1. cat being that there are more than 40 breeds
  2. cat, of which there are more than 40 breeds
  3. cat to which there belongs more than 40 breeds
  4. cat, which there are more than 40 breeds of
  5. cat, of which more than 40 breeds in existence

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Justification
Option B – “cat, of which there are more than 40 breeds” correctly uses a non-restrictive relative clause introduced by of which to refer back to cat. The clause is properly punctuated with commas and contains a complete verb phrase (there are), making the sentence grammatically sound and stylistically appropriate.
Option A – Lacks a relative pronoun or connective; the phrase “cat being that there are…” is ungrammatical and does not link the clause to the antecedent.
Option C – Uses the incorrect relative pronoun “to which” and an awkward verb phrase “there belongs”; the construction does not conform to standard English relative-clause syntax.
Option D – Misplaces the preposition and object; “which there are more than 40 breeds of” leaves the object of of dangling and fails to integrate smoothly with the noun cat.
Option E – Omits the auxiliary verb in the relative clause (more than 40 breeds in existence), resulting in an incomplete predicate and a fragmentary structure.
Therefore, Option B is the only choice that satisfies both grammatical correctness and conventional punctuation for a non-restrictive relative clause.


Reference:

Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed., §6.31–6.33 – Rules for non-restrictive relative clauses. https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL), “Relative Clauses” – https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/relative_clauses.html



DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered <x>. The question will present alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE". Read the passage and answer question <1>. Haiti -Although my friends and family were skeptical of whether <1> I would be safe, I boarded the plane in New York boldly <2> and flew to Haiti. My college roommate had agreed to take medical supplies to a rural clinic where his brother was a physician, and I agreed to go and help.
When me and my roommate <3> landed at the airport in the capital Port au Prince, the chaos inside the airport was frightening. Dozens of men approached us while gesturing to our luggage, and yelling at us in Creole. They wanted us to select their taxis. I was thrilled <4> when my roommate smiled at someone who called our names through the crowd. Papi, our designated transporter, was a Haitian man in his early twenties who works <5> for the physician. He warmly welcomed us to his country, and seemed to have a great sense of humor.<6> He laughed nonstop during our ride through the capital city. Once we were on the open highway, Papi taught us basic Creole greetings to pass the time during our excessively long four-hour commute. <7>
The mountainous town where we would spend the week was beautiful, and I immediately fell in love with the place and its people. The views rocked! <8> Even though I could not fluently speak Creole, I made the most of my time with the land and its inhabitants. Several daily tasks kept me busy that week. The medical clinic was a modest two-room building, and their <9> staff needed help reorganizing the supply pantry. I removed, counted, sorted, and restocked supplies, <10> before adding the additional resources we brought from the United States. After I cleaned and organized the supply pantry, I assisted a visiting nutritionist with distributing vitamins to the locals. <11> Each evening, two dozen young children would sit on the porch where my roommate and I stayed. They laughed constantly, they <12> always found joy in the simplest of things. They did teach <13> us to count in Creole and read children's stories to us in French. They invited us to kick balls with them and chase yard chickens. Even though they did not have many toys, the children entertained one another with conversation, laughter and storytelling.
When it was time to leave Haiti and return to New York, I was sad to say goodbye. Although my roommate and I delivered medical supplies to their community, the people gave us memories that will last the rest of our lives.<14>

  1. NO CHANGE
  2. convinced that
  3. doubting the very likelihood
  4. not worried at all that

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Justification
The underlined phrase “my friends and family were skeptical of whether I would be safe” calls for a concise, idiomatic expression that conveys doubt about the safety of the speaker’s journey.
Option A – “NO CHANGE” preserves the original wording, which already uses the standard construction “skeptical of whether” and correctly modifies the clause with the adverb “boldly.” It is grammatically sound, stylistically consistent with the surrounding narrative, and requires no alteration. Option B – “convinced that” changes the meaning from doubt to certainty, contradicting the context that the friends and family were uncertain. Option C – “doubting the very likelihood” is wordy and shifts the focus to the likelihood itself rather than the safety of the trip; it also introduces an unnecessary gerund phrase that disrupts the flow. Option D – “not worried at all that” alters the tone to one of confidence, which does not match the original skeptical attitude and adds an extra negative construction that is stylistically less natural.
Therefore, the original phrasing (Option A) is the most appropriate because it maintains grammatical correctness, preserves the intended meaning, and fits the passage’s tone without unnecessary modification.


Reference:

Purdue OWL – “Using Parallelism” – https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/parallelism.html The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. – “Modifiers and Misplaced Modifiers” – https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part3/ch15/sec10.html



DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered <x>. The question will present alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE". Read the passage and answer question <2>. Haiti -
Although my friends and family were skeptical of whether <1> I would be safe, I boarded the plane in New York boldly <2> and flew to Haiti. My college roommate had agreed to take medical supplies to a rural clinic where his brother was a physician, and I agreed to go and help.
When me and my roommate <3> landed at the airport in the capital Port au Prince, the chaos inside the airport was frightening. Dozens of men approached us while gesturing to our luggage, and yelling at us in Creole. They wanted us to select their taxis. I was thrilled <4> when my roommate smiled at someone who called our names through the crowd. Papi, our designated transporter, was a Haitian man in his early twenties who works <5> for the physician. He warmly welcomed us to his country, and seemed to have a great sense of humor.<6> He laughed nonstop during our ride through the capital city. Once we were on the open highway, Papi taught us basic Creole greetings to pass the time during our excessively long four-hour commute. <7> The mountainous town where we would spend the week was beautiful, and I immediately fell in love with the place and its people. The views rocked! <8> Even though I could not fluently speak Creole, I made the most of my time with the land and its inhabitants. Several daily tasks kept me busy that week. The medical clinic was a modest two-room building, and their <9> staff needed help reorganizing the supply pantry. I removed, counted, sorted, and restocked supplies, <10> before adding the additional resources we brought from the United States. After I cleaned and organized the supply pantry, I assisted a visiting nutritionist with distributing vitamins to the locals. <11> Each evening, two dozen young children would sit on the porch where my roommate and I stayed. They laughed constantly, they <12> always found joy in the simplest of things. They did teach <13> us to count in Creole and read children's stories to us in French. They invited us to kick balls with them and chase yard chickens. Even though they did not have many toys, the children entertained one another with conversation, laughter and storytelling.
When it was time to leave Haiti and return to New York, I was sad to say goodbye. Although my roommate and I delivered medical supplies to their community, the people gave us memories that will last the rest of our lives.<14>

  1. NO CHANGE
  2. (place before I)
  3. (place before boarded)
  4. (place before in)

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Justification
The word boldly is an adverb that modifies the verb boarded. In standard written English, an adverb that modifies a verb is most naturally positioned immediately before the verb (or at the end of the clause) to keep the modifier close to the word it describes. Placing boldly before the subject (I) or before the preposition (in) creates an awkward or ungrammatical construction (Boldly I boarded… / Boldly in New York), which disrupts the normal subject-verb-object order and shifts the focus away from the action. Option C – inserting boldly before boarded – yields the idiomatic phrase “I boarded the plane … boldly,” preserving the intended meaning while adhering to conventional adjective-adverb order and avoiding any syntactic disruption. Therefore, option C is the only choice that maintains grammatical correctness, clarity, and stylistic consistency with the surrounding narrative.
Why the other options are unsuitable
A (NO CHANGE) – Leaves the adverb after the verb, which is acceptable but less optimal; moving it before the verb aligns with the preferred “adverb-verb” placement for emphasis. B (place before I) – Results in “Boldly I boarded…,” an inverted construction that is grammatically permissible only in highly literary or poetic contexts and sounds unnatural in ordinary prose. D (place before in) – Produces “Boldly in New York,” a prepositional phrase that does not modify the verb and changes the intended meaning, making the sentence ambiguous.


Reference:

Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL). Adverb Placement. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/adverb_placement.html Cambridge Dictionary. Adverb position in English. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/adverb-position
Prepared for certification exam review – concise, technical, and aligned with standard written English conventions.



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