QUESTION: 1

Which one of the following should be the first step when troubleshooting a WLAN issue?

Identify probable causes
Identify capture locations
Perform an initial WLAN scan and see if any obvious issues stand out
Define the problem

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The first step in any troubleshooting process is to define the problem. This involves gathering information from various sources, such as users, network administrators, network documentation, and network monitoring tools. Defining the problem helps to narrow down the scope of the issue and identify the symptoms, causes, and effects of the problem12

Reference:

CWAP-403 Study Guide, Chapter 1: Troubleshooting Methodology, page 7 CWAP-403 Objectives, Section 1.1: Define the problem

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QUESTION: 2

Which one of the following is an advantage of using display filters that is not an advantage of capture-time filters?

They allow for focused analysis on just the packets of interest
Once created they are reusable for later captures
They only hide the packets from view and the filtered packets can be enabled for view later
Multiple of them can be applied simultaneously

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Display filters are applied after the capture is completed and they only hide the packets from view.

The filtered packets are still present in the capture file and can be enabled for view later by changing or removing the display filter. This is an advantage over capture-time filters, which discard the packets that do not match the filter criteria and cannot be recovered later34

Reference:

CWAP-403 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 37 CWAP-403 Objectives, Section 2.3: Apply display filters

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QUESTION: 3

Using a portable analyzer you perform a packet capture next to a client STA and you can see that the STA is associated to a BSS. You observe the STA sending packets to the AP and the AP sending packets to the ST

Less than 2% of all packets are retransmissions. You move to capture packets by the AP and, while the retry rate is still less than 2%, you now only see unidirectional traffic from the AP to the client.
How do you explain this behavior?
The portable analyzer is too close to the AP causing CCI, blinding the AP to the clients packets
The STA is transmitting data using more spatial streams than the potable analyzer can support
There is a transmit power mismatch between the client and the AP and while the client can hear the APs traffic, the AP cannot hear the client
The portable analyzer has a lower receive sensitivity than the AP and while it can't capture the packets from the client STA, the AP can receive them OK

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Receive sensitivity is the minimum signal level that a receiver can detect and decode. Different devices may have different receive sensitivity levels depending on their hardware specifications and antenna configurations. In this scenario, the portable analyzer has a lower receive sensitivity than the AP, meaning that it requires a stronger signal to capture the packets from the client STA. The AP, on the other hand, has a higher receive sensitivity and can receive the packets from the client STA even if they have a weaker signal. This explains why the portable analyzer can only see unidirectional traffic from the AP to the client when capturing near the AP5

Reference:

CWAP-403 Study Guide, Chapter 4: PHY Layer Analysis, page 121 CWAP-403 Objectives, Section 4.3: Analyze PHY layer metrics

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QUESTION: 4

Given a protocol analyzer can decrypt WPA2-PSK data packets providing the PSK and SSID are configured in the analyzer software.
When performing packet capture (in a non-FT environment) which frames are required in order for PSK frame decryption to be possible?

Authentication
4-Way Handshake
Reassociation
Probe Response

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The 4-way handshake is the process that establishes the pairwise transient key (PTK) between the client and the AP in WPA2-PSK. The PTK is derived from the PSK, the SSID, and some random numbers exchanged in the handshake frames. The PTK is used to encrypt and decrypt the data frames between the client and the AP. Therefore, in order to decrypt WPA2-PSK data packets, a protocol analyzer needs to capture the 4-way handshake frames and have the PSK and SSID configured in the analyzer software12

Reference:

CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 3: 802.11 MAC Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 87 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 3.5: Analyze security exchanges

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