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Free Cyber AB CMMC-CCP Exam Questions (page: 4)

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PDF with 171 Questions

A company has a government services division and a commercial services division. The government services division interacts exclusively with federal clients and regularly receives FCI. The commercial services division interacts exclusively with non-federal clients and processes only publicly available information. For this company's CMMC Level 1 Self-Assessment, how should the assets supporting the commercial services division be categorized?

  1. FCI Assets
  2. Specialized Assets
  3. Out-of-Scope Assets
  4. Operational Technology Assets

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Understanding CMMC Asset CategorizationTheCMMC 2.0 Scoping Guidedefines how assets are categorized based on their involvement withFederal Contract Information (FCI)andControlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
In this scenario:
Thegovernment services divisioninteracts withfederal clientsandreceives FCI, making its assetsin- scopefor CMMC Level 1.
Thecommercial services divisioninteractsonly with non-federal clientsanddoes not handle FCI--this means its assets arenot subject to CMMC Level 1 requirementsand should be classified asOut-of- Scope Assets.
CMMC 2.0 Definition of Out-of-Scope AssetsAs per theCMMC Scoping Guide, assets that:
Do not store, process, or transmit FCI/CUI
Do not directly impact the security of in-scope assets Are completely segregated from the FCI/CUI environment are classified asOut-of-Scope Assets.
Since thecommercial services divisiononly processespublicly available information and has no interaction with FCI, its assets areout-of-scopefor CMMC Level 1 assessment.

A . FCI AssetsIncorrect. FCI assets areonly those that store, process, or transmit FCI. The commercial services division doesnothandle FCI, so its assets donotqualify. B . Specialized AssetsIncorrect. Specialized assets refer toInternet of Things (IoT), Operational Technology (OT), and test equipment. These donot applyto a general commercial services division. D . Operational Technology AssetsIncorrect.Operational Technology (OT) Assetsinvolveindustrial control systems, SCADA, and manufacturing equipment--which are not relevant to this scenario.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
CMMC 2.0 Scoping Guide ­ Level 1 & Level 2
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document
CMMC Official ReferenceThus,option C (Out-of-Scope Assets) is the correct answerbased on official CMMC scoping guidance.



In performing scoping, what should the assessor ensure that the scope of the assessment covers?

  1. All assets documented in the business plan
  2. All assets regardless if they do or do not process, store, or transmit FCI/CUI
  3. All entities, regardless of the line of business, associated with the organization
  4. All assets processing, storing, or transmitting FCI/CUI and security protection assets

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Scoping Requirements in CMMC AssessmentsTheCMMC 2.0 Scoping GuideandCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Documentclearly define what should be included in the scope of an assessment.
The assessment scope must cover:
All assets that process, store, or transmit FCI/CUI
Security Protection Assets (ESP)­ these assets help protect FCI/CUI, such as firewalls, endpoint detection systems, and encryption mechanisms.
Thus, thecorrect scope includes both:
FCI/CUI Assets(Data storage, processing, or transmission assets) Security Protection Assets (ESP)(Firewalls, security tools, etc.)

A . All assets documented in the business planIncorrect.Business plans may include assets unrelated to FCI/CUI, making this scopetoo broad. Only assets relevant to FCI/CUI should be assessed.
B . All assets regardless if they do or do not process, store, or transmit FCI/CUIIncorrect. CMMC doesnotrequire organizations to include assets thathave no connection to FCI/CUI. C . All entities, regardless of the line of business, associated with the organizationIncorrect.Only the assets relevant to FCI/CUI or security protection should be assessed. Unrelated business divisions (like a non-federal commercial division) areout-of-scope.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect

CMMC 2.0 Scoping Guide ­ Level 1 & Level 2
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document
CMMC Official ReferenceThus,option D (All assets processing, storing, or transmitting FCI/CUI and security protection assets) is the correct answeras per official CMMC assessment scoping requirements.



An Assessment Team Member is conducting a CMMC Level 2 Assessment for an OSC that is in the process of inspecting Assessment Objects for AC.L1-3.1.1: Limit information system access to authorized users, processes acting on behalf of authorized users, or devices (including other information systems) to determine the adequacy of evidence provided by the OSC. Which Assessment Method does this activity fall under?

  1. Test
  2. Observe
  3. Examine
  4. Interview

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Understanding Assessment Methods in CMMC 2.0According to theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, assessors usethree primary assessment methodsto determine compliance with security practices:
Examine­ Reviewing documents, policies, configurations, and system records. Interview­ Speaking with personnel to gather insights into security processes. Test­ Performing technical validation of system functions and security controls. TheAssessment Team Memberis inspectingAssessment Objects(e.g., system configurations, user access control settings, policies) to determine if the OSC's evidence is sufficient forAC.L1-3.1.1 (Access Control ­ Authorized Users).
This activity aligns directly with theExaminemethod, which involves reviewing artifacts such as:
Access control lists (ACLs)
System user authentication logs
Account management policies
Role-based access control settings
"Observe" (Option B)is incorrect because "observing" is not an official assessment method in CMMC. "Test" (Option A)is incorrect because the assessment is not actively executing a function but ratherreviewingevidence.
"Interview" (Option D)is incorrect because no personnel are being questioned--only documentation is being reviewed.
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, Section 3.5 ­ Assessment Methods CMMC Level 2 Assessment Guide ­ Access Control Practices (AC.L1-3.1.1) Why Option C (Examine) is CorrectOfficial CMMC Documentation ReferenceFinal VerificationSince the activity involves reviewing documents and records to verify access control measures, it falls under theExaminemethod, makingOption C the correct answer.



In scoping a CMMC Level 1 Self-Assessment, it is determined that an ESP employee has access to FCI.

What is the ESP employee considered?

  1. In scope
  2. Out of scope
  3. OSC point of contact
  4. Assessment Team Member

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Federal Contract Information (FCI)is any informationnot intended for public releasethat is provided or generated under aU.S. Government contracttodevelop or deliver a product or service. Enhanced Security Personnel (ESP)refers to employees, contractors, or third parties whohave access to FCIwithin anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC). UnderCMMC 2.0 Scoping Guidance, anypersonnel, system, or asset with access to FCI is considered in scopefor a CMMC Level 1 assessment.
Since theESP employee has access to FCI, theymustbe included in the assessment scope. Option B (Out of scope)is incorrect because anyone with access to FCI is automatically considered part of theCMMC Level 1 boundary.
Option C (OSC point of contact)is incorrect because thepoint of contactis typically an administrative or compliance representative, not necessarily someone with FCI access. Option D (Assessment Team Member)is incorrect because anESP employee is not part of the assessment team but rather a subject of the assessment. CMMC Level 1 Scoping Guide, Section 2 ­ Defining Scope for FCI CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide ­ Roles and Responsibilities Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) 52.204-21(Basic Safeguarding of FCI) Understanding Scoping in CMMC Level 1 Self-AssessmentsWhy Option A (In scope) is CorrectOfficial CMMC Documentation ReferenceFinal VerificationSince theESP employee has access to FCI, they are consideredin scopefor the CMMC Level 1 self-assessment, makingOption A the correct answer.



An assessor has been working with an OSC's point of contact to plan and prepare for their upcoming assessment.
What is one of the MOST important things to remember when analyzing requirements for an assessment?

  1. Scoping an assessment is easy and worry-free.
  2. The initial plan cannot be changed once agreed upon.
  3. There is a determined amount of time that the OSC's point of contact has to submit evidence and rough order-of-magnitude.
  4. Assessors need to continuously review and update the requirements and plan for the assessment as information is gathered.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Planning and preparing for aCMMC assessmentinvolves collaboration between theassessorand theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)to determine scope, required evidence, and logistics. This planning process isdynamicand must adapt as new information emerges.
Assessment Scope and Requirements May Change
As assessors gather evidence and analyze the environment,new details about assets, networks, and security controlsmay require adjustments to the assessment plan. TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guideemphasizes that assessmentrequirements and scope should be continuously reviewed and updatedto reflect real-time findings.
Assessors Follow an Adaptive Approach
DuringCMMC assessments, organizations may discover additionalFCI or CUI assets, which can change the required security practices to be evaluated. Assessors shouldrevise the assessment approach accordinglyrather than strictly following an initial, unchangeable plan.
A . Scoping an assessment is easy and worry-freeIncorrect Scoping is acritical and complex processthat requires careful evaluation of the OSC's information systems and assets.
CMMC Scoping Guidestates thatidentifying in-scope assets is crucial and requires significant effort. B . The initial plan cannot be changed once agreed uponIncorrect Theinitial assessment plan is a starting point, butit must be flexiblebased on real-time findings. CMMC CAP Guideemphasizescontinuous refinementduring the assessment process. C . There is a determined amount of time that the OSC's point of contact has to submit evidence and rough order-of-magnitudeIncorrect
While there aretimelines, the key focus is ensuring thatall necessary evidence is gathered accuratelyrather than rushing to meet a strict deadline. CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide­ States that assessment requirements and planning should be updated as additional information is gathered.
CMMC Scoping Guide (Nov 2021)­ Explains that assessors must continually refinein-scope assets and requirementsthroughout the process.
Why the Correct Answer is "D"?Why Not the Other Options?Relevant CMMC 2.0


Reference:

Final Justification:Assessment planning is a dynamic process.Assessors must continuously review and update the requirements and planas new information emerges, makingDthe correct answer.



An assessment procedure consists of an assessment objective, potential assessment methods, and assessment objects.
Which statement is part of an assessment objective?

  1. Specifications and mechanisms
  2. Examination, interviews, and testing
  3. Determination statement related to the practice
  4. Exercising assessment objects under specified conditions

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Understanding CMMC Assessment ProceduresACMMC assessment procedureconsists of:
Assessment Objective­ Defines what is being evaluated and the expected outcome. Assessment Methods­ Specifies how the evaluation is conducted (e.g.,examination, interviews, testing).
Assessment Objects­ Identifies what is being evaluated, such as policies, systems, or people. Assessment Objectivesincludedetermination statementsthat describe the expected outcome for each CMMC security practice.

These statements define whether a practice has beenadequately implementedbased ondocumented evidence and assessment findings.
TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) GuideandNIST SP 800-171Aspecify that each practice has a determination statement guiding assessment decisions.
A . Specifications and mechanismsIncorrect
These belong toassessment objects, which refer to the systems, policies, and mechanisms being evaluated.
B . Examination, interviews, and testingIncorrect
These areassessment methods, which describe how assessorsverifycompliance (e.g., through interviews or testing).
D . Exercising assessment objects under specified conditionsIncorrect This refers toassessment testing, which is a method, not an assessment objective. CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide­ Describes determination statements as the core of assessment objectives.
NIST SP 800-171A­ Defines determination statements as a key element of evaluating security controls.
Why the Correct Answer is "C"?Why Not the Other Options?Relevant CMMC 2.0


Reference:

Final Justification:Since anassessment objectiveincludes adetermination statementthat describes whether a practice is implemented properly, the correct answer isC.



The Assessment Team has completed Phase 2 of the Assessment Process. In conducting Phase 3 of the Assessment Process, the Assessment Team is reviewing evidence to address Limited Practice Deficiency Corrections. How should the team score practices in which the evidence shows the deficiencies have been corrected?

  1. MET
  2. POA&M
  3. NOT MET
  4. NOT APPLICABLE

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Understanding the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) PhasesTheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)consists ofthree primary phases:
Phase 1 - Planning(Pre-assessment activities)
Phase 2 - Conducting the Assessment(Evidence collection and analysis) Phase 3 - Reporting and Finalizing Results
DuringPhase 3, the Assessment Teamreviews evidenceto confirm if anyLimited Practice Deficiency Correctionshave been successfully implemented.

Scoring Practices in Phase 3The CAP document specifies that a practice can bescored as METif:

The deficiency identified in Phase 2 has been fully corrected before final scoring. Sufficient evidence is provided to demonstrate compliance with the CMMC requirement. The correction is notmerely plannedbutfully implemented and validatedby the assessors. Since the evidence shows thatdeficiencies have been corrected, the correct score isMET.

B . POA&M (Plan of Action & Milestones)Incorrect. APOA&M (Plan of Action and Milestones)is usedonly when a deficiency remains unresolved. Since the deficiency is already corrected, this option does not apply.
C . NOT METIncorrect. A practice is scoredNOT METonly if the deficiency hasnotbeen corrected by the end of the assessment.
D . NOT APPLICABLEIncorrect. A practice is markedNOT APPLICABLE (N/A)only if it doesnot apply to the organization's environment, which is not the case here.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document­ Defines scoring criteria for MET, NOT MET, and POA&M.
CMMC Official ReferenceThus,option A (MET) is the correct answer, as the deficiencies have been corrected before final scoring.



The CMMC Level 2 assessment methods include examination and can include:

  1. documents, mechanisms, or activities.
  2. specific hardware, software, or firmware safeguards employed within a system.
  3. policies, procedures, security plans, penetration tests, and security requirements.
  4. observation of system backup operations, exercising a contingency plan, and monitoring network traffic.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

CMMC Level 2 Assessment MethodsCMMC Level 2 assessments focus on verifying compliance withNIST SP 800-171 requirements. TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Documentspecifies that assessments at this level include:
Examination­ Reviewing documents, mechanisms, and activities. Interview­ Speaking with personnel to validate implementation. Testing­ Observing and verifying security controls in action.
What Does "Examination" Include?According toCMMC Assessment Methodology, examination involves reviewing:
Documents(Policies, procedures, security plans)
Mechanisms(Security controls, authentication systems)
Activities(Backup operations, network monitoring, security training) Sinceexamination includes reviewing documents, mechanisms, and activities, the correct answer isA.

B . Specific hardware, software, or firmware safeguards employed within a system.Incorrect.
While safeguardsmaybe examined, CMMC does not limit examination to only hardware, software, or firmware. The definition is broader.
C . Policies, procedures, security plans, penetration tests, and security requirements.Incorrect.
Whilesome of these itemsare examined, penetration tests arenot requiredin a CMMC Level 2 assessment.
D . Observation of system backup operations, exercising a contingency plan, and monitoring network traffic.Incorrect. These activities fall undertesting and interviews, not just examination.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document­ Defines "examination" as reviewingdocuments, mechanisms, and activities.
CMMC Official ReferenceThus,option A (documents, mechanisms, or activities) is the correct answer, as it aligns with CMMC Level 2 assessment methodology.



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