EC-Council 112-57 Exam Prep
EC-Council Digital Forensics Essentials (Page 3 )

• state preserves the client’s original context, such as the specific idea URL the user requested.
• The portal sends that value in the OAuth authorization request.
• Salesforce returns it after authorization, allowing the portal to redirect the user to the original idea rather than the Ideas home page.

1. insert con; ? 1
2. Database.setSavepoint(); ? 2
3. update con; ? 3
4. Database.rollback(sp_admin); ? 4

• Business
• People
• Governance
• Platform
• Security
• Operations

• Sustainability
• Performance efficiency
• Reliability

• Key-based authentication: Provides an endpoint secured with API keys.
• Real-time REST access: Supports online inference through an HTTP/REST endpoint.
• No VM vCPU quota consumption: Microsoft hosts and manages the underlying infrastructure, so your subscription’s VM quota isn’t used.

• Batch: Intended for asynchronous, large-volume processing rather than real-time requests.
• Self-hosted container: You manage the infrastructure and typically need compute resources and quota.
• Standard: This is not the clearest deployment type for the stated requirements; the specific Foundry option is serverless API.

• Admin access to the deployment pipeline
• Contributor access to the Development and Test workspaces
• Viewer access to the Production workspace

• Bronze: Raw ingested data
• Silver: Cleaned, validated, and transformed data
• Gold: Business-level data for analytics, dashboards, and reporting

• Use the grant-date fair value: $30
• Do not remeasure to the year-end value of $45
• Update the estimate of employees expected to vest

• Dr Share-based payment expense $450,000
• Cr Equity/share option reserve $450,000

• Rights issue: Raises new equity from existing shareholders. It does not increase debt or gearing, so it is least likely to breach the covenant.
• Retained earnings: Also equity finance, but the amount available may be insufficient for the required $800 million.
• Private placement of a bond: Creates additional debt and would worsen gearing, increasing the risk of breaching the covenant.
• Bank overdraft: Also debt finance, usually short-term and potentially expensive; it would still increase financial risk and gearing.

• LastName: Required.
• FirstName: Optional.
• AccountId: Optional; a Contact may be associated with an Account later or remain private, depending on organization settings.
• Name: A compound display field made from first and last name; it isn’t entered as a separate field.

• Undefined or blank values
• Relationship matching problems
• Duplicate or conflicting keys
• Errors when querying the model

• Normalize all values to upper- or lowercase in the source query or Power Query.
• Add an index or surrogate key when values that differ only by case must remain distinct.

• Run the backup with WITH CHECKSUM
• Store the backup on an SMB network share

sql 
BACKUP DATABASE DB1 
TO DISK = '\\FileServer\SqlBackups\DB1_full.bak' 
WITH CHECKSUM;

• DMS does not create the SQL Server backups for you.
• You must provide a valid full database backup.
• You must continue taking transaction log backups while the source database remains online.
• The full backup and subsequent log backups must be available in the SMB share that DMS can access.
• WITH CHECKSUM enables backup checksum validation, helping detect backup corruption.

• WPA3: Secures wireless traffic but does not normally verify whether someone has paid.
• PSK: A shared Wi-Fi password gives access to anyone who knows it; it cannot easily validate individual receipts.
• IEEE 802.1X: Provides user/device authentication, commonly through an authentication server, but is excessive and not designed specifically for a simple receipt-based guest-access workflow.

• Data Cloud combines data from multiple systems.
• It resolves and organizes that data into a unified customer view.
• That unified view enables downstream actions such as personalized campaigns, segmentation, analytics, and activation.

• A = core platform value
• D = a resulting business use case or benefit

• httprint fingerprints Web servers by analyzing their HTTP responses. It can help identify the Web server type and sometimes its version, even when the banner has been modified or hidden.
• Wget is mainly used to download files or Web content.
• WinSSLMiM is associated with SSL man-in-the-middle testing.
• Whisker is an older Web-server vulnerability assessment tool, especially associated with IIS, rather than the expected banner-grabbing tool here.

• Advanced Persistent Threat (APT): A sustained, targeted attack campaign or attacker group—not a vulnerability.
• Trojan: Malware disguised as legitimate software.
• Stealthware: A general term for malware designed to avoid detection; it does not specifically mean an unknown vulnerability.

• Penetration test: Tests for exploitable vulnerabilities; it does not provide a broad opinion on whether security controls operate effectively.
• Annual self-assessment: Not independent, so it provides less assurance.
• Allow each client the right to audit: Inefficient because every customer may conduct a separate audit, creating duplicated effort and disruption.

• Menerjemahkan soal ke bahasa Indonesia.
• Menyebutkan jawaban yang benar.
• Menjelaskan alasan jawaban tersebut.
• Memberi tahu jika kunci jawaban yang tersedia tampaknya keliru.
• Menjelaskan istilah teknis penting dalam soal.

• Proxy server: Acts as an intermediary for requests, but does not necessarily provide an encrypted connection to the corporate network.
• NGFW: A firewall with advanced inspection and filtering capabilities; it may support VPNs but is not the remote-access solution itself.
• Security zone: A logical network grouping based on trust or security requirements, not a method for remote access.

• B — Notify affected business units: Notification should follow an initial determination of scope and impact; otherwise, the organization may communicate incomplete or inaccurate requirements.
• C — Assess noncompliance risk: Risk assessment requires understanding the regulation’s requirements first.
• D — Inform senior management: Management should be informed, but with a clear summary of the regulation’s impact, risks, and recommended actions.

1. Yes — One account can manage multiple subscriptions

1. No — You cannot merge two subscriptions into one

1. Yes — A resource belongs to only one subscription

• Attack simulator — Used to run phishing and other attack simulations for user awareness training.
• Hunting — Used to proactively query security data and investigate potential threats.
• Incidents — Used to investigate and manage related alerts and active security events.

• Actions that call external APIs
• Subflows
• Connection and credential aliases
• Supporting integration logic

• Action — A reusable operation within a flow, such as “Create a record” or “Send email.”
• Connection — Defines how ServiceNow authenticates and communicates with an external system.
• Integration step — A general flow step, not the name for the packaged integration.

• Authentication: Verifies who the user is.
• Authorization: Determines what the authenticated user is allowed to access.
• Accounting: Records login activity and resource usage.

• CIA: Confidentiality, integrity, and availability—the core security objectives.
• ACL: Access Control List; rules that permit or deny traffic or access.
• PEM: A format and standard commonly associated with encoded certificates and keys.

• Disable high concurrency: Changes workspace-wide behavior and is not the targeted way to isolate these workloads.
• Modify the number of executors: Adjusts capacity and performance, but does not provide workload isolation.
• Set the default environment: Controls libraries and runtime configuration, not compute isolation.

• A — VARIANT "null" values are not the same as SQL NULL values: True

• B — Frequent, single-row DMLs: False

• C — Validate data before loading into the target table: True

• D — Use staging tables to manage MERGE statements: True

• Existing Eventhouse data: remains available only in the KQL database.
• Data ingested after enabling the feature: is copied to OneLake and can be accessed through OneLake file explorer.
• New databases: are irrelevant; the setting applies to the selected KQL database.

• A — If there is no demand, there should be no production.

• B — Not all sales equal profit.

• C — Stocking up on inventory is bad for business.

• D — All costs, except materials, are considered fixed.

• E — Departments should operate at full capacity regardless of bottlenecks.

• Malware or malicious software
• Command-and-control tools
• Internet surveillance and intrusion software

• ITAR: A U.S. regulation controlling defense-related articles and services; it is not the international arrangement described.
• Palermo Convention: Focuses on transnational organized crime and related protocols, not export controls for cyber weapons.
• GDPR: European data-protection and privacy legislation.

• Sets a high initial price for a new product.
• Targets customers willing to pay more, often called early adopters.
• Gradually reduces the price to attract more price-sensitive customers as the product becomes less novel and competition increases.

• Penetration pricing: starts with a low price to gain market share quickly.
• Premium pricing: maintains a high price to communicate superior quality or status; it does not necessarily involve later price reductions.
• Loss leader pricing: sells one product at a very low price, sometimes below cost, to attract customers who may buy other products.

DAX 
Sales % of Total = 
DIVIDE( 
    [Total Sales], 
    CALCULATE( 
        [Total Sales], 
        ALLSELECTED(Products) 
    ) 
)

DAX 
Total Sales = 
SUM(Sales[SalesAmount])

Why ALLSELECTED is required

• The numerator, [Total Sales], is evaluated for the current product.
• ALLSELECTED(Products) removes the current product’s visual filter when calculating the denominator.
• It preserves filters applied at the report, page, or slicer level.

Why not ALL(Products)?

DAX 
CALCULATE([Total Sales], ALL(Products))

• A — .gitignore: Controls Git tracking; it does not configure Copilot exclusions.
• B — copilot.ignore: This is not the standard GitHub Copilot Business exclusion mechanism.
• D — Renaming files: Adding _no_copilot has no recognized effect.

• Form layout
• Related lists
• Dictionary settings
• UI policies
• Client scripts
• Views and field visibility

• Personalization usually affects only the individual user.
• System configuration can affect other users, depending on its scope and conditions.

• Operating profit is affected because transfer price determines internal sales revenue.
• Return on investment (ROI) is affected because ROI depends partly on operating profit.
• Sales revenue is affected because the division records revenue from transferring its output.
• Cost of components purchased is not affected by the transfer price. These are input costs paid to external suppliers and are based on the supplier’s price.

• ?? ?? ?? ??
• ?? NFS ?? SMB ?? ??
• ?? ???? ???
• ?? IP ??? ???? ?? ???
• ??? ?? ???? ?????

• B: ????? NFS ? Snowball Edge? ?? ?? ? AWS? ?? ? S3
• D: ????? NFS ? ????/Direct Connect ? File Gateway ? S3

• IRR assumes that interim cash flows can be reinvested at the project’s own IRR. This may be unrealistic, especially when the IRR is very high.
• MIRR assumes reinvestment at a specified rate, usually the company’s cost of capital or another realistic reinvestment rate.

• B: MIRR does not specifically favour projects with long payback periods.
• C: MIRR and IRR can rank competing projects differently.
• D: MIRR is not always higher than IRR; it may be higher or lower depending on the cash flows and reinvestment rate.

• Free: Doesn’t support the required custom domain and SSL configuration.
• Shared: Doesn’t provide the required SSL support or scalability.
• Basic: Supports multiple instances and SSL, but its storage limit is insufficient for the required 12 GB.
• Standard: Supports:

xml 
<apex:page> 
    <apex:stylesheet value="{!URLFOR($Resource.MyStyles, 'styles/main.css')}" /> 
</apex:page>

• <apex:includeScript> is for JavaScript.
• <apex:includeStyle> is not a valid Visualforce component.
• <apex:require> is not the Visualforce tag used to load CSS.

• Preparing and managing datasets
• Building and training machine-learning models
• Testing and evaluating models
• Deploying models as endpoints for predictions

• miami.weyland.com requires a custom domain, which is not available in the Free tier.
• Two instances require a tier that supports scaling out. Standard supports multiple instances.
• SSL support is available in Standard.
• 12 GB of storage exceeds the storage limit of the Basic tier in the older Azure pricing model used by this question.
• Standard provides sufficient storage and features while being cheaper than higher tiers—though higher tiers are not listed here.

• Free/Shared: insufficient features for custom domains, SSL, and multiple instances.
• Basic: supports some production features, but its storage capacity is insufficient for the required 12 GB.

• Where to find the TiMOS runtime image
• Which configuration file to load
• The IP address and related settings for the CPM management Ethernet port

• A: User authorization is configured in the router’s security configuration, not primarily in the BOF.
• C: Hardware initialization is performed by the boot process and system software.
• D: The system date and time are configured separately, often through NTP or CLI settings.

• Accept terms of use
• Enter a temporary code or credentials
• Provide basic registration information

• Enterprise authentication — Authenticates organizational users, often with centralized identity services; it is not specifically designed for temporary guest access.
• Ad hoc network — A temporary device-to-device network, not an authentication process.
• WPA3 — A wireless security standard. It protects Wi-Fi access but does not provide the web-based temporary access workflow described here.

• Azure Machine Learning Studio is designed to build, test, train, and deploy machine-learning models, including predictive analytics.
• Azure Cosmos DB is a globally distributed NoSQL database. It can store data used by an AI solution, but it is not the primary service for developing and deploying predictive models.
• Therefore, the appropriate recommendation is Azure Machine Learning Studio, as shown in Question 15.

• AWS Network Firewall can inspect and block traffic across a VPC when traffic is routed through the firewall. A Drop action rule can deny traffic from the suspicious source IP.
• GuardDuty findings are sent to Security Hub.
• A Lambda function can be invoked when Security Hub receives a new GuardDuty finding, extract the source IP, and update the Network Firewall policy with a blocking rule.

• GuardDuty threat lists: Used to identify or increase the severity of findings; they do not directly block VPC traffic.
• AWS WAF: Protects supported web applications, such as CloudFront or Application Load Balancers. It does not provide general VPC-wide traffic blocking.
• GuardDuty suppression rules: Suppress or hide findings. They do not block the suspicious traffic.

• Authentication: Verifies who the user is.
• Authorization: Determines what the authenticated user is allowed to access.
• Accounting: Records activity such as login times and resource usage.

• CIA: Confidentiality, integrity, and availability—the three core security goals.
• ACL: Access Control List, which defines permitted or denied traffic or access.
• PEM: A certificate and key encoding format, not the primary function of RADIUS.

Manager role

DAX 
Country[Manager] = USERPRINCIPALNAME()

• Sales
• Human Resources

CFO role

• See sales for all countries
• See no Human Resources data

• Do not restrict the Country table or Sales table.
• Apply a filter to Human Resources that always returns false, such as:

DAX 
FALSE()

• Active remediation actions role in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

• Security Reader role in Azure AD/Entra ID

• Security Administrator is broader than necessary because it grants extensive security-management permissions, violating least privilege.
• Compliance Data Administrator is intended for compliance data management, not Defender for Endpoint remediation approvals.

• Due diligence: Researching and evaluating a third party before entering or continuing a business relationship.
• Internal audit: Evaluates controls within the organization itself.
• Penetration testing: Actively tests systems for exploitable vulnerabilities.
• Attestation: A formal statement or report—such as a SOC 2 report—provided by an independent party about an organization’s controls.

• A — Windows 11 with Azure CLI installed: Yes

• D — Chrome OS using Azure Cloud Shell: Yes

• E — Windows 10 with the Azure PowerShell module installed: Yes

• B — Linux with only Azure CLI: No, because the option does not state that PowerShell is installed.
• C — macOS with PowerShell Core only: No, because it does not state that Azure PowerShell modules or Azure CLI are installed.

• On VirtualNetworkA: enable Allow gateway transit.
• On VirtualNetworkB: enable Use remote gateways.