Which of the following are the valid steps for securing routers? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.
Answer(s): B,C,D
The following are the valid steps for securing routers and devices:Configure access list entries to prevent unauthorized connections and traffic routing. Use a complex password for a router's administrative console.Keep routers in locked rooms.Keep routers updated with the latest security patches.Use monitoring an equipment to protect routers and devices.Router is a device that routes data packets between computers in different networks. It is used to connect multiple networks, and it determines the path to be taken by each data packet to its destination computer. Router maintains a routing table of the available routes and their conditions. By using this information, along with distance and cost algorithms, the router determines the best path to be taken by the data packets to the destination computer. A router can connect dissimilar networks, such as Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring, and route data packets among them. Routers operate at the network layer (layer 3) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model.A security patch is a program that eliminates a vulnerability exploited by hackers.
In which of the following attacks does an attacker successfully insert an intermediary software or program between two communicating hosts?
Answer(s): C
Man-in-the-middle attacks occur when an attacker successfully inserts an intermediary software or program between two communicating hosts. The intermediary software or program allows attackers to listen to and modify the communication packets passing between the two hosts. The software intercepts the communication packets and then sends the information to the receiving host. The receiving host responds to the software, presuming it to be the legitimate client.Answer option B is incorrect. A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is mounted with the objective of causing a negative impact on the performance of a computer or network. It is also known as a network saturation attack or bandwidth consumption attack. Attackers perform DoS attacks by sending a large number of protocol packets to the network. The effects of a DoS attack are as follows:Saturates network resourcesDisrupts connections between two computers, thereby preventing communications between services Disrupts services to a specific computerCauses failure to access a Web siteResults in an increase in the amount of spamA Denial-of-Service attack is very common on the Internet because it is much easier to accomplish. Most of the DoS attacks rely on the weaknesses in the TCP/IP protocol.Answer option D is incorrect. A buffer-overflow attack is performed when a hacker fills a field, typically an address bar, with more characters than it can accommodate. The excess characters can be run as executable code, effectively giving the hacker control of the computer and overriding any security measures set. There are two main types of buffer overflow attacks:stack-based buffer overflow attack:Stack-based buffer overflow attack uses a memory object known as a stack. The hacker develops the code which reserves a specific amount of space for the stack. If the input of user is longer than the amount of space reserved for it within the stack, then the stack will overflow.heap-based buffer overflow attack:Heap-based overflow attack floods the memory space reserved for the programs.Answer option A is incorrect. Session hijacking refers to the exploitation of a valid computer session to gain unauthorized access to information or services in a computer system. In particular, it is used to refer to the theft of a magic cookie used to authenticate a user to a remote server. It has particular relevance to Web developers, as the HTTP cookies used to maintain a session on many Web sites can be easily stolen by an attacker using an intermediary computer or with access to the saved cookies on the victim's computer (see HTTP cookie theft).TCP session hijacking is when a hacker takes over a TCP session between two machines. Since most uthentication only occurs at the start of a TCP session, this allows the hacker to gain access to a machine.
Which of the following is a standard-based protocol that provides the highest level of VPN security?
Answer(s): A
Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a standard-based protocol that provides the highest level of VPN security. IPSec can encrypt virtually everything above the networking layer. It is used for VPN connections that use the L2TP protocol. It secures both data and password.IPSec cannot be used with Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).Answer option B is incorrect. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched inter-network using the Internet Protocol Suite, also referred to as TCP/IP.IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering distinguished protocol datagrams (packets) from the source host to the destination host solely based on their addresses. For this purpose, the Internet Protocol defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation. The first major version of addressing structure, now referred to as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still the dominant protocol of the Internet, although the successor, Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), is being deployed actively worldwide.Answer option C is incorrect. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a remote access protocol commonly used to connect to the Internet. It supports compression and encryption and can be used to connect to a variety of networks. It can connect to a network running on the IPX, TCP/IP, or NetBEUI protocol. It supports multi- protocol and dynamic IP assignments. It is the default protocol for the Microsoft Dial-Up adapter.Answer option D is incorrect. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a more secure version of Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP). It provides tunneling, address assignment, and authentication. It allows the transfer of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) traffic between different networks. L2TP combines with IPSec to provide tunneling and security for Internet Protocol (IP), Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), and other protocol packets across IP networks.
Which of the following is a computer networking protocol used by hosts to retrieve IP address assignments and other configuration information?
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a computer networking protocol used by hosts (DHCP clients) to retrieve IP address assignments and other configuration information. DHCP uses a client-server architecture. The client sends a broadcast request for configuration information. The DHCP server receives the request and responds with configuration information from its configuration database.In the absence of DHCP, all hosts on a network must be manually configured individually - a time-consuming and often error-prone undertaking. DHCP is popular with ISP's because it allows a host to obtain a temporary IP address.Answer option B is incorrect. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network maintenance protocol of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is responsible for the resolution of IP addresses to media access control (MAC) addresses of a network interface card (NIC). The ARP cache is used to maintain a correlation between a MAC address and its corresponding IP address. ARP provides the protocol rules for making this correlation and providing address conversion in both directions. ARP is limited to physical network systems that support broadcast packets.Answer option A is incorrect. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) allows a monitored device (for example, a router or a switch) to run an SNMP agent. This protocol is used for managing many network devices remotely.When a monitored device runs an SNMP agent, an SNMP server can then query the SNMP agent running on the device to collect information such as utilization statistics or device configuration information. An SNMP- managed network typically consists of three components: managed devices, agents, and one or more network management systems.Answer option D is incorrect. Telnet (Telecommunication network) is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive communications facility. Typically, Telnet provides access to a command-line interface on a remote host via a virtual terminal connection which consists of an 8-bit byte oriented data connection over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). User data is interspersed in-band with TELNET control information. Typically, the Telnet protocol is used to establish a connection to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port number 23.
Adam, a malicious hacker, has just succeeded in stealing a secure cookie via a XSS attack. He is able to replay the cookie even while the session is valid on the server. Which of the following is the most likely reason of this cause?
Answer(s): B
Single key encryption uses a single word or phrase as the key. The same key is used by the sender to encrypt and the receiver to decrypt. Sender and receiver initially need to have a secure way of passing the key from one to the other. With TLS or SSL this would not be possible. Symmetric encryption is a type of encryption that uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt data. Symmetric encryption algorithms are faster than public key encryption. Therefore, it is commonly used when a message sender needs to encrypt a large amount of data. Data Encryption Standard (DES) uses the symmetric encryption key algorithm to encrypt data.
Post your Comments and Discuss EC-Council 312-38 exam prep with other Community members:
Our website is free, but we have to fight against AI bots and content theft. We're sorry for the inconvenience caused by these security measures. You can access the rest of the 312-38 content, but please register or login to continue.