Fingerprinting an Operating System helps a cracker because:
Answer(s): D
When a cracker knows what OS and Services you use he also knows which exploits might work on your system. If he would have to try all possible exploits for all possible Operating Systems and Services it would take too long time and the possibility of being detected increases.
In the context of Windows Security, what is a 'null' user?
Answer(s): C
NULL sessions take advantage of “features” in the SMB (Server Message Block) protocol that exist primarily for trust relationships. You can establish a NULL session with a Windows host by logging on with a NULL user name and password. Using these NULL connections allows you to gather the following information from the host:* List of users and groups* List of machines * List of shares * Users and host SID' (Security Identifiers)NULL sessions exist in windows networking to allow: * Trusted domains to enumerate resources * Computers outside the domain to authenticate and enumerate users * The SYSTEM account to authenticate and enumerate resourcesNetBIOS NULL sessions are enabled by default in Windows NT and 2000. Windows XP and 2003 will allow anonymous enumeration of shares, but not SAM accounts.
What does the following command in netcat do? nc -l -u -p 55555 < /etc/passwd
-l forces netcat to listen for incoming connections.-u tells netcat to use UDP instead of TCP-p 5555 tells netcat to use port 5555< /etc/passwd tells netcat to grab the /etc/passwd file when connected to.
What hacking attack is challenge/response authentication used to prevent?
Answer(s): A
A replay attack is a form of network attack in which a valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed. This is carried out either by the originator or by an adversary who intercepts the data and retransmits it. With a challenge/response authentication you ensure that captured packets can’t be retransmitted without a new authentication.
What file system vulnerability does the following command take advantage of? type c:\anyfile.exe > c:\winnt\system32\calc.exe:anyfile.exe
Answer(s): B
ADS (or Alternate Data Streams) is a “feature” in the NTFS file system that makes it possible to hide information in alternate data streams in existing files. The file can have multiple data streams and the data streams are accessed by filename:stream.
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